The use of intraoperative sonography was analyzed in 24 patients with spinal dysraphism and syringohydromyelia in order to determine the role of real-time sonography in the surgical management of these patients. Specific diagnoses included tethered cord (nine), syringohydromyelia (seven), congenital tumor unassociated with a tethered cord (four), diastematomyelia (three), and occult sacral meni...

OBJECTIVE  The pathophysiology of arachnoiditis ossificans (AO) and its association with syringomyelia remains a rare and poorly understood phenomenon. Here, we present a case of AO associated with syringomyelia, a review of literature, and a discussion of current understanding of disease pathophysiology. METHODS  A literature review was performed using MEDLINE (January 1900-May 2010) and Emb...

PURPOSE To 1) correlate spinal MR features and modes of clinical presentation associated with symptomatic neurologic deterioration following longstanding spinal trauma; 2) correlate degree of neurologic deficit with spinal MR appearance in these patients; and 3) determine the relationship between new symptoms and ongoing cord compression. METHODS Retrospective examination of MR images, and co...

Anatomical and electrophysiological methods were used to map the vocal control nuclei of the budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus. Beginning with the motor nucleus of the syrinx, nuclei were located using antidromic stimulation and then injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Retrogradely transported HRP labeled afferents to the injected nucleus. This procedure was repeated at successively h...

BACKGROUND Syringomyelia (SM) is common in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS). Dogs with syringes express clinical signs or might be clinically silent. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence and heritability of symptomatic SM, the association between clinical signs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and long-term outcome. ANIMALS All CKCS registered in the Danish Kennel ...

This paper reviews recent advances regarding the peripheral mechanisms for song production by oscine songbirds and compares the vocal mechanisms of songbirds with those of certain non-oscines. The tracheobronchial syrinx of songbirds has several pairs of intrinsic muscles specialized for controlling particular aspects of sound production. The syringeal and vocal tract anatomy of non-oscines is ...

Birdsong is the product of the controlled generation of sound embodied in a neuromotor system. From a biophysical perspective, a natural question is that of the difficulty of producing birdsong. To address this, we built a biomimetic syrinx consisting of a stretched simple rubber tube through which air is blown, subject to localized mechanical squeezing with a linear actuator. A large static te...

Symptomatic cerebellar slump (CS) and external hydrocephalus (EH) are amongst the rarer complications of foramen magnum decompression (FMD) for Chiari I malformation (CM). CS typically presents with delayed onset headache related to dural traction or with neurological deficit offsetting the benefit of FMD. EH, consisting of ventriculomegaly along with subdural fluid collection(s) (SFCs), has be...

Courtship displays frequently include complex signals that females use to pick a mate. Male Costa's hummingbirds (Calypte costae) generate two acoustic signals during courtship: a vocal song produced close to a female and a dive-sound produced during a courtship dive. The song and dive-sound sound similar, and both were assumed to be produced vocally by the syrinx. Here, we show that they are n...