A network flow watermarking scheme attempts to manipulate the statistical properties of a flow of packets to insert a “mark” making it easier to detect the flow after passing through one or more relay hosts. Because an attacker that is willing to tolerate delay can (nearly) always eliminate such marks, recent schemes have concentrated on making the marks “invisible” so that a passive attacker c...

This paper presents the results of numerical simulations for developed and discussed conical two-phase atomizers with swirl flow, differing in ratio height chamber to its diameter. Experiments were carried out SAN-1 HS/DS = 1 SAN-2 4 atomizers. The study was conducted over a range Reynolds number liquid ReL (1400; 5650) gas ReG (2970; 9900). Numerical calculations performed use computational fl...

Unstable mold flow could induce surface velocity and level fluctuations, and entrain slag, leading to surface defects during continuous casting of steel. Both argon gas injection and ElectroMagnetic Braking (EMBr) greatly affect transient mold flow and stability. Part I of this two-part article investigates transient flow of steel and argon in the nozzle and mold during nominally steady-state c...

In recent years, tapping the sea for potable water has gained prominence as a potential source of water. Since seawater intake systems are often used in infrastructure industry, ensuring proper efficiency different operating conditions is very important. this paper, CFD modeling to show general hydraulic design (flow patterns, stream flow, vortex severities, and pre-swirl) principles performanc...

The effects of swirl and vaporization on droplet dispersion are investigated in the near region of a two-phase, swirling, heated jet. Simulations are based on the numerical solution of time-dependent, axisymmetric gas-phase equations.Droplets’ trajectories are tracked byusingaLagrangianapproach.Forall of the swirl cases investigated, the droplet dispersion exhibits a nonmonotonic behavior, with...

The higher pollutant level in non premixed combustion and safety issues pertaining to can be counteracted by partially-premixed mode of combustion. partially flames (PPF) exhibit the benefits both flames. PPF enhances complete leading reduced soot formation hence lower emission. However, equivalence ratio plays an important role stability such This paper reports experimental investigation on fl...

The effect of baffle and vortex agitation system on B. pertussis vaccine strain 509 growth yield was examined in industrial fermentor cultivation used single turbine impeller fixed at the bottom of vessel, which has the provision of growth of the organism under controlled conditions with regard to temperature, pH, aeration and agitation. From this study it was found that the use of baffled syst...

This study examines the ability to detect the dynamic interactions of vortical structures generated from a Helmholtz instability caused by separation over bluff bodies at large Reynolds number of approximately 104 based on a cross stream characteristic length of the geometry. Accordingly, two configurations, a square cylinder with normally incident flow and a thin airfoil with flow at an angle ...