Background: From 2000 through 2005, approximately 6900 children <20 years of age died from non-boat-related drowning; in those <5 years of age, the rate was 2.68 per 100,000 person-years. Although the use of pool fencing can be effective in preventing drowning, little is known about the effectiveness of other prevention strategies. While the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends formal swim...

Medium pressure UV is used for controlling the concentration of combined chlorine (chloramines) in many public swimming pools. Little is known about the fate of other disinfection by-products (DBPs) in UV treatment. Photolysis by medium pressure UV treatment was investigated for 12 DBPs reported to be found in swimming pool water: chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, bromofor...

Water samples from 3 indoor swimming pool facilities were tested to evaluate UV-induced effects on swimming pool water chemistry. Concentration change of several DBPs was investigated in experiments including medium pressure UV treatment with and without chlorine and post-UV chlorination. Post-UV chlorine consumption increased, dose-dependently, with UV treatment dose. A clear absence of trihal...

SUMMARY Although dental injuries are common occurrences at swimming pools, there are very few publications about them. The purpose of this study was to interview pool attendants at public swimming pools/bathing resorts in Switzerland on lip and dental injuries in 2007. The questions focussed on their knowledge of first aid, the frequency and accident site of lip and tooth trauma, as well as the...

The occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in indoor swimming pools in the Netherlands was studied at five locations. The backwash water from seven pool filters was analysed for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts for a period of 1 year. Of the 153 samples of filter backwash water analysed, 18 (11.8%) were found positive for either Cryptosporidium (4.6%), Giardia (5.9%)...

Despite routine monitoring and disinfection, treated swimming pools are frequently contaminated with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can represent a significant public health threat. This review was undertaken to identify the current understanding of risk factors associated with pool operation with respect to P. aeruginosa. The ecology and factors that promote growth of...

ADEQUATE protection of swimming pool waters has been of paramount importance for many years to health officials who are charged with responsibility for the safety and health of the public. The use of the chlorine compounds or of chlorine gas has been written into practically every regulation concerned with the disinfection of drinking water. The limitations of chlorine for swimming pool water t...

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TWOFOLD (a) to develop an underwater chronometer capable to provide feedback while the athlete is swimming, as well as being a control tool for the coach, and (b) to analyse its feedback effect on swim pace control compared with feedback provided by the coach and with no feedback, in 25 m and 50 m swimming pools. 30 male swimmers of national level volunteer to part...