This paper belongs to our Special Issue “Application of Climate Data in Hydrologic Models” [...]

An analysis of historical sea surface temperatures provides evidence for global warming since 1900, in line with land-based analyses of global temperature trends, and also shows that over the same period, the eastern equatorial Pacific cooled and the zonal sea surface temperature gradient strengthened. Recent theoretical studies have predicted such a pattern as a response of the coupled ocean-a...

The temperature-dependent surface relaxation of Ag~111! is calculated by density-functional theory. At a given temperature, the equilibrium geometry is determined by minimizing the Helmholtz free energy within the quasiharmonic approximation. To this end, phonon dispersions all over the Brillouin zone are determined from density-functional perturbation theory. We find that the top-layer relaxat...

A series of dual-angle and split-window algorithms is presented for estimating sea (SST) and land surface temperature (LST) from the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR). The numerical values of the coefficients have been obtained from statistical regression method using synthetic data. The algorithms have been tested with simulated and real AATSR data. Comprehensive sensitivity and...

The Earth's surface temperature has risen by about 0.8 K over 3 the last 100 years partly due to human activities. If not for the poorly un-4 derstood radiative effects of aerosols, one would have been able to better use 5 the observed warming to constrain the all-important transient climate re-6 sponse (TCR, the pace of the warming caused by a continuous buildup of 7 greenhouse gases). Here we...

A moving finite element-based inverse method for determining the temperature on a moving surface is developed. The moving mesh is generated employing the transfinite mapping technique. The proposed algorithms are used in the estimation of surface temperature on a moving boundary with high velocity in the burning process of a homogenous low thermal diffusivity solid fuel. The measurements obtain...