نتایج جستجو برای: surface radiation
تعداد نتایج: 854570 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
In this study, results are presented from the on-board radiation assessment detector (RAD) of Mars Science Laboratory (MSL). RAD is designed to measure the energetic particle radiation environment, which consists of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and solar energetic particles (SEPs) as well as secondary particles created by nuclear interactions of primary particles in the shielding (during cruise)...
CityComfortþ: A simulation-based method for predicting mean radiant temperature in dense urban areas
This paper introduces CityComfortþ, a new method to simulate the spatial variation of the mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) in dense urban areas. This method derives the Tmrt by modeling five components of radiation fluxesddirect solar radiation, diffuse solar radiation, reflected solar radiation, long-wave radiation from the atmosphere, and long-wave radiation from urban surfacesdeach weighted b...
Leaf scattering spectrum is the key optical variable that conveys information about leaf absorbing constituents from remote sensing. It cannot be directly measured from space because the radiation scattered from leaves is affected by the 3D canopy structure. In addition, some radiation is specularly reflected at the surface of leaves. This portion of reflected radiation is partly polarized, doe...
The studies in the VUV and soft-x-ray surface photophysics and photochemistry in the microscopic level using monochromatic synchrotron radiation is a new research category. In this article we employed the techniques of photon-stimulated desorption (PSD) of positive/negative ions and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) to study the photolysis of molecules adsorbed on single crystal surface by monoc...
Under the context of rapid urbanization, radiation budget is crucial to analyse the adverse climate effects in urban environments, especially for mega-cities. Selected Beijing city and surrounding regions as the study area, this paper investigated the spatial distribution patterns and temporal variations of radiation budget based on integration of remote sensing images and ancillary data. Lands...
background: ultraviolet (uv) radiation is divided into three regions: uva, uvb, and uvc. both the quality and quantity of solar uv radiation vary with various factors including the elevation of the sun above the horizon, as well as absorption and scattering of uv photons by molecules in the atmosphere, notably ozone and clouds. it is clear that whereas a moderate amount of uv exposure is benefi...
The geometry of a collector is one of the important factors that can increase the incident radiation on the collector surface. In the present study, the incident radiation for a stationary collector with cone geometry, i.e. a conical collector, is theoretically and experimentally investigated. This type of collector is always stable and does not need a fixture to install. Moreover, it has a...
Directional emission from a slit surrounded by rectangular grooves on the exit surface in a conducting plane is investigated. An electromagnetic boundaryvalue problem dealing with a slit surrounded by rectangular grooves on the exit surface in a conducting plane is rigourously solved based on the Fourier transform, eigenfunction expansion, and mode-matching method. The radiation pattern from th...
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