We decompose earnings risk into contributions from hours and wage shocks. To distinguish between shocks, modeled as innovations to the marginal disutility of work, labor supply reactions shocks we formulate a life-cycle model consumption supply. For estimation use data on married American men PSID. Permanent explain 31% total risk, permanent 21%. Progressive taxation attenuates cross-sectional ...

During the COVID-19 lockdown, typical bank in Middle East lost liquidity due to deposit drains and experienced increases nonperforming loans. The loss of was a supply shock, while increase loans demand shock. Corporate governance board’s oversight top management’s implementation strategies reduce these shocks. Two corporate measures include political concentration ownership presence independent...

This paper introduces an optical measurement system for shock wave characteristics. The system works by mountinga metal plate attached to spring mounts against the shock wavefront. This set is sealed and can plot the shock wave pressure diagram by measuring plate's displacement, radiation and changing the reflection of light during shock wave conflict, and converting these optical data to volta...

We explore the macro-financial consequences of disruption a supply chain in an agent based framework characterized by two networks, credit network connecting banks and firms production upstream down-stream firms. consider scenarios. In first one, because lockdown all are forced to cut production. This generates sizable down-turn during due indirect effects shock (network financial accelerator)....

Many firms, banks, or other economic agents embedded in a network of codependencies may experience contemporaneous, sharp drop functionality productivity following shock—even if that shock is localized moderate magnitude. We offer an extended review motivating evidence such fragility live concern supply networks and financial systems. then discuss models fragility, focusing on the forces make a...

Proper genome packaging requires coordination of both DNA and histone metabolism. While histone gene transcription and RNA processing adequately provide for scheduled needs, how histone supply adjusts to unexpected changes in demand remains unknown. Here, we reveal that the histone chaperone nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein (NASP) protects a reservoir of soluble histones H3-H4. The importanc...

This paper studies a quantitative dynamic-optimizing business cycle model of a small open economy with staggered price and wage setting. The model exhibits exchange rate overshooting in response to money supply shocks. The predicted variability of the nominal and, especially, of the real exchange rate is noticeably higher than in standard Real Business Cycle models with flexible prices and wage...

We employ a value chain analysis approach to examine the forces shaping the industry structure, entry and inter-firm governance modes. Forty largest global and regional companies in the ethanol manufacturing stage have been classified according to their pre-entry industry of origin. Firms with pre-entry history in feedstock supply have shown higher resilient to market shock especially compared ...

Some economists argue that a monetary tightening shifts the supply schedule of bank loans left, thereby forcing bank-dependent borrowers to cut back on expenditures. This is the credit view. In the literature, the credit view is typically studied in a closedeconomy context. In reality, however, banks make international loans through their overseas branches and subsidiaries. This short paper tes...

Carbon leakage can be a problem when seeking to reduce carbon emissions through forest policy. International market leakage is mainly caused by supply and demand imbalances in the timber market. This paper selects China, which is implementing forestry policy changes, as the research object. We begin by offering a brief analysis of China’s forestry policy changes, such as the logging quota and S...