Exhaustion of a supersonic underexpanded air jet into air–helium and air–sulfur hexafluoride mixtures is studied experimentally. The escapes from convergent circular nozzle in the range moderate Reynolds numbers covering laminar transitional regimes flow. experiments are performed with “cold” heated jets low-pressure setup, which allows number exhaustion nozzle, pressure ratio, density gas surr...

The variability of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) at multidecadal and longer timescales is poorly constrained, primarily because instrumental records are short and proxy records are noisy. Through applying a new noise filtering technique to a global network of late Holocene SST proxies, we estimate SST variability between annual and millennial timescales. Filtered estimates of SST variability ...

This paper highlights some caveats in using composite analyses to form physical hypotheses on the associations between environmental variables. This is illustrated using a specific example, namely the apparent links between heat waves (HWs) and sea surface temperatures (SSTs). In this case study, a composite analysis is performed to show the large-scale and regional SST conditions observed duri...