The Sun, as an active star, is the driver of energetic phenomena that structure interplanetary space and affect planetary atmospheres. effects Space Weather on Earth solar system increasing importance human spaceflight preparing for lunar Mars missions. This review focusing perspective relevant phenomena, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), flares, particles (SEPs), wind stream interaction regions (...

Space weather research involves the study of the Sun and Earth from a systems viewpoint to improve the understanding and prediction of solar-terrestrial variability. There are a wide variety of solar-terrestrial imagery, spectroscopic measurements, and in situ space environmental data that can be exploited to improve our knowledge and understanding of the phenomena and processes involved in spa...

We take another look at “Just-So” solar neutrino oscillations and characterize them by the energy at which the distance-varying angle is π/2. The SuperKamiokande spectrum can be fit with an energy in the range of 9-12 MeV. In this case, the pp neutrinos are reduced to half the standard solar model prediction and Be neutrinos must make up a significant part of the gallium signal, in contrast to ...

Impulsive solar energetic electrons are often observed in the interplanetary space near the Earth and have an attractive diagnostic potential for poorly understood solar flare acceleration processes. We investigate the transport of solar flare energetic electrons in the heliospheric plasma to understand the role of transport to the observed onset and spectral properties of the impulsive solar e...

We present SHINeS, a space simulator which can be used to replicate the thermal environment in immediate neighborhood of Sun down heliocentric distance r ∼ 0.06 au. The system consists three main parts: solar was designed and constructed in-house, vacuum chamber, probing recording equipment needed monitor experimental procedures. Our motivation for building this study effect intense radiation o...

The presence of water isn’t the only Mars mystery scientists are keen to probe. Another centers around a seemingly trivial characteristic of the Red Planet: its size. Classic models of solar system formation predict that the girth of rocky worlds should grow with their distance from the sun. Venus and Earth, for example, should exceedMercury, which they do. Mars should at least match Earth, whi...

Earth will become uninhabitable within 2-3 Gyr as a result of the increasing luminosity of the Sun changing the boundaries of the habitable zone (HZ). Predictions about the future of habitable conditions on Earth include declining species diversity and habitat extent, ocean loss, and changes to geochemical cycles. Testing these predictions is difficult, but the discovery of a planet that is an ...

This paper is a study to understand how climate changed last fifty years. There are two theories: the first one considers solar variability and influence of those alterations on climate; second blames human activity consequences temperatures disruption environment created by humans. Our conclusions pointed out that dimensions involved between Earth Sun, Earth/Atmosphere, can disturb temperature...