This paper evaluates the quality of SRTM3 data for alpine and plateau areas in Northwestern (NW) China against DEM data extracted from topographic maps. These SRTM data were obtained from both the ESRI ArcGIS 9.2 software package and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory website. It shows that these two data sources provide the approximate precision as the DEM based on 1:250000 scale topographic map...

Neural circuits of vertebrates often display highly ordered projections between different areas, so-called topographic maps, and are characterized by their ability to undergo structural remodeling. In this issue of Neuron, Galimberti et al. demonstrate that mossy fibers of the rodent hippocampus exhibit prominent structural plasticity according to a novel topographic rule, in a process requirin...

A hypsometric map is a type of map used to represent topographic characteristics by filling different map areas with diverging colors. The setting of appropriate diverging colors is essential for the map to reveal topographic details. When lunar real environmental exploration programs are performed, large-scale hypsometric maps with a high resolution and greater topographic detail are helpful. ...

The 1:50.000 topographic maps present a nominal horizontal accuracy of 20 meters and a nominal vertical accuracy of 10 meters with 90% confidence. The data were in most cases extracted with photogrammetric techniques from aerial stereo-photographs during the 80’s. The usual update rate for these maps ranges from ten to twenty years. The Advanced Spaceborn Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiome...

The generative topographic map (GTM) provides a flexible statistical model for unsupervised data inspection and topographic mapping. However, it shares the property of most unsupervised tools that noise in the data cannot be recognized as such and, in consequence, is visualized in the map. The framework of relevance learning or learning metrics as introduced in [4, 6] offers an elegant way to s...

In many mapping organizations, existing topographic paper maps comprise the most complete source of elevation. data; the objective of this research is to capture the elevation data (which is in contour form) in a GIS. The topographic relief plate which shows no height information can be scanned into a GIS. The remaining task is then to label these isolines. This paper discusses a methodology fo...

To meet the increasing demand for geospatial information at multiple scales, and to shorten update cycles for up-to-date geo-data, national mapping agencies (NMAs) and other data providers have introduced, or are considering the use of, (semi-)automated generalization systems in their production lines. Map generalization inevitably changes certain aspects (accuracy, completeness, etc.) of spati...

This paper presents a method for the extraction of high level compound forest cover information from manually produced scanned historical topographic maps. The contained forest cover is a unique data source for GIS-based land cover change modelling. As a case study, this work focuses on the so-called Siegfried Map, the Swiss national topographic map series of the 19 century. The map is of low g...