The first stars form in dark matter halos of masses ∼10M⊙ as suggested by an increasing number of numerical simulations. Radiation feedback from these stars expels most of the gas from their shallow potential well of their surrounding dark matter halos. We use cosmological adaptive mesh refinement simulations that include self-consistent Population III star formation and feedback to examine the...

This article suggests that the 0.5K stagnation in the global-mean surface temperature (GST) between 1945 and 1976 would be due to the atmospheric nuclear explosions, namely, Gadget, Little Boy, Fat Man and the succeeding at least 422 times nuclear weapons testing between 1946 and 1980. Estimation on GST drop due to the atmospheric nuclear explosions based on the published numerical simulation r...