Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) is the process of extracting previously unknown, hidden and interesting patterns from a huge amount of data stored in databases. Data mining is a stage of the entire KDD process that involves applying a particular data mining algorithm to extract an interesting knowledge. One of the very important aspects of any data mining task is the evaluation process o...

BACKGROUND The otoliths act as gravito-inertial force sensors and contribute to the perception of spatial orientation. The perception of gravitational vertical can be assessed by asking a subject to adjust a light bar to the vertical. Prior to clinical use of the SVV (subjective visual vertical) test, normative data and test-retest reliability must be established. PURPOSE To obtain normative ...

Based on subjective survival probability questions in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we use an econometric model to estimate the determinants of individual-level uncertainty about personal longevity. This model is built around the modal response hypothesis (MRH), a mathematical expression of the idea that survey responses of 0%, 50%, or 100% to probability questions indicate a high leve...

introduction:although several treatment approaches have been proposed for tinnitus, there are currently no food and drug administration (fda)-approved agents available to treat this condition. in this study, we evaluated the effect of gabapentin on the sensation of subjective tinnitus in patients with acoustic trauma referring to the ear, nose and throat (ent) clinic of taleghani hospital durin...

purpose: to study the validity and reliability of subjective refraction, predicted phoropter refraction (ppr) measured by zywave aberrometer, and final surgical plan applied for laser vision correction. methods: this prospective study was conducted on 94 myopic or myopic astigmatic eyes (48 patients) who were candidates for refractive surgery in negah eye hospital from april 2012 to july 2012. ...

A long-running debate in labour economics concerns the interpretation of industry and occupational wage differentials. One view is that these reflect compensating differentials for mostly unmeasured aspects of jobs: utilities are equalised between industries and occupations, but wages are not. Alternatively, there may be labour market rents: identical workers in some industries and occupations ...

Value-added is one of the contextual information quality dimensions that depends on the nature of task and plays a role in the operational fitness and the goals to be achieved. This paper presents an empirical evaluation of how people the perceive value-added of data shown through visual representations. Single and composite visualizations are shown to users, and they are asked to provide value...

The online word-of-mouth behavior that exists today in the Web represents new and measurable sources of information. The automated discovery or mining of consumer opinions from these sources is of great importance for marketing intelligence and product benchmarking. Techniques are now being developed to effectively and easily mine the consumer opinions from the Web data and to timely deliver th...