GHB has been formerly used as an anesthetic and developed into a popular psychoactive drug. GBL is primarily used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, is a precursor of and following hepatic hydrolysis by the 1-4 Lactonase converted to GHB. The plasma half-life of GBL is short, can be detected only less than one minute and the main active metabolite is GHB (Schep et al. 2012). The pharm...

Six cases of dissecting aneurysm of the aorta, four with cerebral manifestations, one with peripheral neuropathy and one with ischaemic necrosis of the spinal cord are reported. Cerebral manifestations include confusion and stupor, syncope, grand mal epilepsy, ischaemia of the spinal medulla, carotid artery occlusion and cerebral hemisphere infarction. Ischaemic neuropathy is characterized by s...

Introduction: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complication of cirrhosis manifested by neuropsychiatric and neuromuscular changes with impact on quality of life. Clinical picture ranges from normal physical exam to stupor and coma. In persistent HE, patient never becomes free of HE. Objective: To review medical literature searching for evidence concerning persistent HE and nonclassical factors ...

Background. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) caused by opiate abuse or overuse has been well documented in the medical literature. Most documented case reports have involved either heroin or hydrocodone/acetaminophen. Recently, case reposts of methadone induced SSHL have been published. Case Report. We present the case of a 31-year-old man who developed SSHL after a methadone overdose i...

We describe a case of recurrent, life-threatening, catatonic stupor, without evidence of any associated medical, toxic or mental disorder. This case provides support for the inclusion of a separate category of "unspecified catatonia" in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM-5) to be used to classify idiopathic cases, which appears to be consistent with Kahlb...

Validity of regional blood flow (rCBF) measurements recorded over the human posterior fossa after 133Xe inhalation was tested. Recording of counts from both brain stem and cerebellum (BSC) was reproducible and contamination by counts derived from surrounding anatomical structures was low and no greater than that found over hemispheres. BSC values were F1 = 99 +/- 19 ml/100g brain/min, F2 = 17 +...

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis is a recently identified autoimmune disorder with a prominent neuropsychiatric presentation. We present the case of a 15-yearold girl with partial complex seizures with secondary generalization and acute mania with psychotic features. A positive diagnosis of anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis suggested the specific treatment. Despite first-line immun...

Abstract Background Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome that presents various symptoms ranging from stupor to agitation, with prominent disturbances of volition. Its pathogenesis poorly understood. Benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are safe effective standard treatments for catatonia; however, alternative treatment strategies have not been established in cases where these eith...