The population and population composition of galaxies in galaxy clusters at present reflect the mass of the clusters and the mass growth of the galaxies in the past. We investigate them for six clusters. We show that galaxies in massive clusters stopped growing at redshifts of ∼4. Moreover, we find that some small galaxy clusters (groups) have too many massive galaxies for their apparent masses...

Background and Aim: Shade guide discoloration after disinfection can interfere with the appropriate color selection for dental restorations. Since one of the most important issues for patients is the color of the final restoration, the discoloration of shade guides due to disinfectants will be important. Infection control is a definite and important matter in dentistry. Due to the contradictory...

Seventeen kinetoplast minicircle-encoded and nine maxicircle-encoded gRNA genes have been identified. Six overlapping minicircle-encoded gRNAs mediate editing for the 5'-pan-edited MURF4 gene and two for the 5'-edited COIII gene. The pan-edited RPS12 mRNA is edited by seven minicircle-encoded gRNAs and one maxicircle-encoded gRNA. The 3'-most gRNA in each domain forms an anchor with unedited mR...

The authors in this study hope to offer a summation of the classic and recent literature while offering a detailed illustrated technique guide for the medial cuneiform, or "Cotton osteotomy." Usually performed as an ancillary procedure, the Cotton osteotomy offers the surgeon an additional option for correction of various distal medial column deformities while preserving midfoot articular surfa...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com of variable length, which is usually from 175 to 190 cm, but which can be up to 330 cm. Its distal tip, straight or J-shaped, is usually radio-opaque which aids its visibility while it is being handled, in addition to its use for estimating the length of the lesion. The basic composition of guidewires is well established: central core, distal tip, c...

The prospect of providing city visitors with dynamic and context-sensitive multimedia information whilst on the move is both novel and exciting and raises many interesting research issues. The GUIDE project is currently examining these issues by developing systems and application-level support for hand-portable multimedia GUIDE units with wireless network connectivity, enabling context-sensitiv...

Available methods of valuing environmental changes are often limited in their applicability to current issues such as damage assessment and implementing regulatory controls, or may otherwise not provide reliable readings of community preferences. An alternative is to base decisions on predetermined ® xed schedules of sanctions, restrictions, damage awards, and other allocative guides and incent...

~ N THIS S SI~I S S of Traditions of Spiritual Guidance, which has been running in The Way since 1984, most of the articles have been historical, focusing attention on the contribution which a particular individual, group, movement or school has made to the development of the art of spiritual guidance. This present article, however, is slightly different. All forms of Christian ministry have a ...

Detailed stratigraphic and structural features of the Giddings Brook slice of the Taconic Allochthon in the Granville area. This Field Trip Guide includes Road Log (pp. 222-226), and Outcrop/Stop Descriptions (pp. 227-242). pages 186-242 in: Friedman, G.M. (ed.) Guidebook, 51st N.Y. State Geol. Assoc. Ann. Mtg. and New England Intercollegiate Geol .Conf., 71st Mtg., Rensselaer Poly. Inst., Troy...