Total chemical synthesis of analog proteins was used to examine the requirement for specific disulfide bridges for the biological activity of interleukin 3 (IL-3), a growth factor that stimulates multiple lineages of hemopoietic cells. Four structural analogs of the mature, 140 amino acid murine IL-3 molecule were synthesized in which specific cysteine residues were replaced by alanines. In a q...

Activity-dependent remodeling of dendritic spines is essential for neural circuit development and synaptic plasticity, but the mechanisms that coordinate synaptic structural and functional plasticity are not well understood. Here we investigate the signaling pathways that enable excitatory synapses to undergo activity-dependent structural modifications. We report that activation of NMDA recepto...

a thermodynamic study on the interaction between zinc ion (zn2+) and human growth hormone(hgh) was studied at two temperatures of 27c and 37c in aqueous solution using an isothermal titrationcalorimetry. it was found that there is a set of three identical and non-interacting binding sites for zn2+ ions. the intrinsic dissociation equilibrium constant and the molar enthalpy of binding are 1.54...