in this paper, the problem of layout optimization for x-bracing of steel frames is studied using the ant system (as). a new design method is employed to share the gravity and the lateral loads between the main frame and the bracings according to the requirements of the ibc2006 code. an algorithm is developed which is called optimum steel designer (osd). an optimization method based on an approx...

iranian popular films, as a type of national culture, are consumed vastly iran. although they are neglegted in common cultural studies is iran, according to recent culture theories , they are some cultural texts including the ideological cods that they have an important role in the constrution of collective social perception. therefore, a quastion that can be addressed is what the narrative and...

The reform of the Stability and Growth Pact and the incorporation of “debt brake” rules into national legislation have heavily increased the importance of structural balances in economic policymaking in Europe. As defined by the European Commission, structural balances are calculated by subtracting the estimated cyclical component of government revenue and spending as well as certain temporary ...

in this paper, the structural properties of the b30n20 molecule have been investigated at b3lyp/6-31g (d) level of theory. the optimized structure and electronic properties calculations for the studiedmolecule have been performed using gaussian 03 program. a mathematical equation of third degreewas exploited for the correlation and exchange energy with the number of primitives. the naturalbondi...

In this research, the structural behavior of timber and concrete sleepers in a standard railway turnout is evaluated, in the case of raising speed. In approaching this evaluation, current practices in the structural analysis of sleepers are surveyed and then, the sensitivity analysis with ABAQUS software is made based on selected criteria (bending and shear stresses as well as contact pressure)...

This paper suggests a procedure for estimating excursion probabilities for linear and nonlinear systems subjected to Gaussian excitation processes. The stochastic excitation process is modeled most generally by the Karhunen-Loève expansion. The approach is based on the so called “averaged excursion probability flow” which allows for a simple solution for the interaction in excursion problems. S...