Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) can be defined as soft computing systems inspired by immune system of vertebrates. Immune system is an adaptive pattern recognition system. AIS have been used in pattern recognition, machine learning, optimization and clustering. Feature reduction refers to the problem of selecting those input features that are most predictive of a given outcome; a problem encoun...

The sound pattern of the language(s) we have heard as infants affects the way in which we perceive linguistic sounds as adults. Typically, some foreign sounds are very difficult to perceive accurately, even after extensive training. For instance, French subjects find it very difficult to distinguish foreign words that only vary in the position of the main stress. In this paper, we propose to ex...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The thioredoxin (TRx) system is a ubiquitous thiol oxidoreductase pathway that regulates cellular reduction/oxidation status. Although endothelial cell (EC) hypoxic damage is one of the important pathophysiologic mechanisms of ischemic heart disease, its relationship to the temporal expression pattern of the TRx system has not yet been elucidated well. The work present...

Soil salinity is a major constraint to crop growth and yield. The primary and lateral roots of Arabidopsis thaliana are known to respond differentially to a number of environmental stresses, including salinity. Although the maize root system as a whole is known to be sensitive to salinity, whether or not different structural root systems show differential growth responses to salinity stress has...

Abstract Polyp bailout is a drastic response to acute stress where coral coloniality breaks down and polyps detach. We induced polyp in Pocillopora acuta with heat tested for differential gene expression using RNAseq qPCR assay. Furthermore, we hypersalinity compared the results identify stressor-independent signals pathways active during bailout. Both stressors led onset of detachment vital po...

For a family Ω of sets in R and a finite subset S of R, let pΩ(S) be the number of distinct sets of the form S ∩ ω for all ω ∈ Ω. The maximum pattern complexity pΩ(k) is the maximum of pΩ(S) among S with #S = k. The S attaining the maximum is considered as the most effective sampling to distinguish the sets in Ω. We obtain the exact values or at least the order of pΩ(k) in k for various classes...