Thrower's fractures are spiral fractures of the humerus caused by forceful throwing of a ball. Although these fractures have been cited in the literature, little research exists regarding the significance of stress fractures and fatigue injuries that may precede these injuries. This article presents 3 cases of middle-aged recreational baseball pitchers who sustained mid to distal third spiral h...

The Spraberry Formation in west-central Texas is a highly fractured formation with both extension and shear fractures. At least two sets of natural fractures exist in two reservoir intervals. We have considered two possible origins for the fracturing: (i) high fluid pressure plus tectonic stress and (ii) tectonic stress at near-hydrostatic fluid pressure. Reconstruction of geologic, thermal and...

Rib stress fracture (RSF) is a relatively frequent, severe and well documented overuse injury in elite rowers. The incidence of RSF has been estimated to be approximately 9 %, but prospective studies with rigorous injury surveillance of larger groups of rowers are needed to confirm this. The burden of RSFs lies primarily in the severity as most reported cases needed 6-8 weeks of rest, rehabilit...

The sealing ability of caprock is affected by many factors, such as cap thickness, displacement pressure, fracture development, and lithology caprock. Shale one the ideal materials for oil gas formation due to its low porosity permeability. Microfractures can destroy property shale When buried deep enough, will change from toughness brittleness. In general, greater brittleness shale, more devel...

PURPOSE To identify risk factors for stress fracture among young female distance runners. METHODS Participants were 127 competitive female distance runners, aged 18-26, who provided at least some follow-up data in a randomized trial among 150 runners of the effects of oral contraceptives on bone health. After completing a baseline questionnaire and undergoing bone densitometry, they were foll...

Scaphoid stress fractures are rare injuries that have been described in young, high-level athletes who exhibit repetitive loading with the wrist in extension. We present a case of an occult scaphoid stress fracture in a 22-year-old female Division I collegiate shot-putter. She was successfully treated with immobilization in a thumb spica splint for 6 weeks. Loaded wrist extension activities can...

As a comment on Kurzban et al.'s opportunity cost model, we propose an alternative view of mental effort and the action selection mechanism in the brain. Our hypothesis utilizes local resource depletion within neuronal networks, which justifies from a neurophysiological perspective why mental fatigue diminishes after switching to a novel task and explains action selection by means of neural com...