Unwanted proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are exported into the cytoplasm and degraded by the proteasome through the ER-associated protein degradation pathway (ERAD). Disturbances in ERAD are linked to ER stress, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. However, the composition and organization of ERAD complexes in human cells is still poorly understood...

Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable resource for biofuels and bio-based chemicals. Vanillin is one of the major phenolic inhibitors in biomass production using lignocellulose. To assess the response of Corynebacterium glutamicum to vanillin stress, we performed a global transcriptional response analysis. The transcriptional data showed that the vanillin stress not only affected...

Ribosomal stress such as disruption of rRNA biogenesis activates p53 by release of ribosomal proteins from the nucleoli, which bind to MDM2 and inhibit p53 degradation. We found that p53 activation by ribosomal stress requires degradation of MDMX in an MDM2-dependent fashion. Tumor cells overexpressing MDMX are less sensitive to actinomycin D-induced growth arrest due to formation of inactive p...

The tumour suppressor p33(ING1b) ((ING1b) for inhibitor of growth family, member 1b) is important in cellular stress responses, including cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, chromatin remodelling and DNA repair; however, its degradation pathway is still unknown. Recently, we showed that genotoxic stress induces p33(ING1b) phosphorylation at Ser 126, and abolishment of Ser 126 phosphorylation markedly...

We have studied the characteristics of MOSFET degradation induced by hotcarriers. When the characteristics of drain current degradation (A/j) are applied to the stress time(t) dependence AIj oc t, the exponent n is clearly different under different bias conditions. We present a two-type interface-state model composed of deep-energy interface states and shallow-energy interface states which have...

Please cite this article in press as: Joh J et al. R Reliab (2010), doi:10.1016/j.microrel.2010.08.0 In GaN high-electron-mobility transistors, electrical degradation due to high-voltage stress is characterized by a critical voltage at which irreversible degradation starts to take place. Separately, cross-sectional TEM analysis has revealed significant crystallographic damage for severely degra...

Two sensitive, precise and cost-effective UV-spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of terbinafine hydrochloride (TFH) in bulk drug and tablets. The methods are based on the measurement of absorbance of TFH in 0.1M HCl at 222 nm in method A and in 0.1M acetic acid at 282 nm in method B. As per the International Conference on harmonization ICH guidelines, the methods were...

A novel stability-indicating LC assay method was developed and validated for quantitative determination of epinastine in bulk drugs and in pharmaceutical dosage form in the presence of degradation products generated from forced degradation studies. An isocratic, reversed phase LC method was developed to separate the drug from the degradation products, using an YMC ODS AC18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μ...

Glycinebetaine (hereafter referred to as betaine) is a compatible solute that accumulates in certain plants and microorganisms in response to various types of stress. We demonstrated previously that when the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 (hereafter Synechococcus) is transformed with the codA gene for choline oxidase, it can synthesize betaine from exogenously supplied choline, exhib...

Fluvoxamine maleate is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, which is used for the treatment of different types of depressive disorders. In the present study, a stability indicating HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of fluvoxamine maleate. The chromatographic separation was carried out using a Nova-Pak CN column and a mixture of K2HPO4 50 mM (pH 7.0) and acetonit...