A detailed quantitative model for the strengthening of monolithic alloys and composites due to precipitation strengthening, solution strengthening, grain and subgrain strengthening, strengthening by dislocations and load transfer to ceramic inclusions is presented. The model includes a newly derived description of the effect of a precipitate free zone (PFZ) around the reinforcing phase incorpor...

We prove the correctness of incremental lambda-lifting, an optimization that attempts to reduce the closure allocation overhead of higher-order programs by changing the scope of nested procedures. This optimization is invalid in the standard denotational semantics of Scheme, because it changes the storage behavior of the program. Our method consists of giving Scheme a denotational semantics in ...

PROBLEM Human resources for health (HRH) in the Sudan were limited by shortages and the maldistribution of health workers, poor management, service fragmentation, poor retention of health workers in rural areas, and a weak health information system. APPROACH A "country coordination and facilitation" process was implemented to strengthen the national HRH observatory, provide a coordination pla...

This study compares the changes in pathway and center of gravity (COG) on the calcaneus of non-involved and involved sides according to eccentric and concentric strengthening in patients with unilateral Achilles tendinopathy. The goal was to define the biomechanical changes according to eccentric strengthening for the development of clinical guidelines. Eighteen patients with Achilles tendinopa...

The diseases of cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by mucus-congested airways. Agents that stimulate the secretion of Cl- are anticipated to facilitate mucociliary clearance and thus be of benefit in the treatment of CF and COPD. Recently 1-EBIO (1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone or 1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one) was shown to stimulate ...

In recent years there has been substantial support for heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) as a treatment for a variety of disorders and for performance enhancement (Gevirtz, 2013). Since conditions as widely varied as asthma and depression seem to respond to this form of cardiorespiratory feedback training, the issue of possible mechanisms becomes more salient. The most supported possibl...

CLINICAL SCENARIO Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common disorders affecting the lower extremities. To improve function and decrease pain, affected individuals often undergo a guided rehabilitation program. Traditional programs have concentrated on quadriceps strengthening and other knee-focused exercises, but recent literature suggests that adding hip-muscle strengthenin...

In the aftermath of the Ebola crisis and with renewed attention to resilient health systems, the process of improving approaches of global health actors to health systems strengthening is of great relevance. Despite the increased amount of attention paid to health systems strengthening, there is no standard definition of this concept among global health actors. Germany is no exception. Though t...

Learning and memory are thought to occur due to changes in synaptic strength. Strengthening of synapses due to Long Term Potentiation mechanisms are mediated by increases in synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) levels. Here we describe a protocol to isolate and quantify synaptic AMPAR subunit GluA1 levels from the motor cortex of mice which have undergo...

In addition to cytotoxic effects, anticancer agents can exert multiple immunomodulatory functions. We have recently described the molecular mechanisms whereby bleomycin can 1) promote endoplasmic reticulum stress, causing the immunogenic death of cancer cells and hence strengthening antitumor CD8+ T cell responses; and 2) induce the secretion of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), which stimul...