BACKGROUND Memory intervention research with older adults has primarily focused on immediate effects of training. Little is known about whether memory training can prevent forgetting of a learned material over time. OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of memory training on forgetting of numerical information in old age. In addition, the effect of speed of l...

Two experiments examined the use of place and response strategies by humans navigating virtual multiple T mazes. In Experiment 1, probe trials revealed that participants commonly used place and response strategies, and place strategies were more frequent early in training, whereas response strategies were more frequent late in training. Compared with women, men learned the correct path through ...

the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training on syd gene expression in motor neurons of rats with diabetic neuropathy. 12 wistar male rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups (each group 4 subjects): diabetic trained (dt), diabetic untrained (dc) and healthy control (hc). two weeks after stz injection to induce diabetes, diabetic neuropathy was demonstrated by...

Previous research has shown that individuals with schizophrenia show deficits in cognitive control functions thought to depend on the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), and its interactions with related regions. The current study explored the effects of instructed strategy training on improving cognitive control functioning in patients with schizophrenia. Event-related fMRI was used to test wheth...

The effect of verbal to visual code switching training on working memory performance was investigated in individuals aged 63 and older. During verbal working memory task performance, the training group (n = 25) was introduced to a verbal to visual code switching strategy while the control group (n = 25) was not exposed to such a strategy. Working memory recognition accuracy was enhanced only in...

BACKGROUND Older adults typically perform worse on measures of working memory (WM) than do young adults; however, age-related differences in WM performance might be reduced if older adults use effective encoding strategies. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current experiment was to evaluate WM performance after training individuals to use effective encoding strategies. METHODS Participants in t...

We propose a novel strategy for training neural networks using sequential Monte Carlo algorithms. This global optimisation strategy allows us to learn the probability distribution of the network weights in a sequential framework. It is well suited to applications involving on-line, nonlinear or non-stationary signal processing. We show how the new algorithms can outperform extended Kalman lter ...

In this paper, on-line training of neural networks is investigated in the context of computerassisted colonoscopic diagnosis. A memory-based adaptation of the learning rate for the on-line Backpropagation is proposed and used to seed an on-line evolution process that applies a Differential Evolution Strategy to (re-)adapt the neural network to modified environmental conditions. Our approach loo...