This paper is based upon detailed research that has taken place in the UK and Italy, on the implementation strategies for urban road pricing schemes. In the UK, both in London and Durham, the Road User Charging schemes required new legislation, and were implemented rapidly. The time from announcement to implementation took three years and the schemes were introduced after short periods of inten...

In this paper, we report on the implementation of a public information systems (IS) project in Bangalore, India. Our analysis of the Bangalore One (B1) project demonstrates the deployment of both formal and informal control mechanisms at different stages of the project. The use of informal control mechanisms to establish control over several crucial processes serves to highlight the contextual ...

In this paper, we report three packages CSET, SACCS, WSOLVE and one system GPROVE. CSET and SACCS are packages implement characteristic set method. WSOLVE is a package for solving systems of polynomial equations. GPROVE is a system for geometric theorems mechanical proving.

We consider a firm buying a commodity from a spot market as raw material and selling a final product by submitting bids. Bidding opportunities (i.e., demand arrivals) are random, and the likelihood of winning bids (i.e., selling the product) depends on the bid price. The price of the commodity raw material is also stochastic. The objective of the firm is to jointly decide on the procurement and...

In this paper, we investigate the structure and interpretation of English nonrestrictive relative clauses, also often called appositive relatives and sometimes supplemental relatives. We propose that in non-restrictive relatives, relative pronouns are interpreted in situ within the pied-piped constituent at LF, using RoothHamblin alternative computation (Hamblin, 1973; Rooth, 1985, 1992, a.o.)....

We consider a class of dynamic advertising problems under uncertainty in the presence of carryover and distributed forgetting effects, generalizing the classical model of Nerlove and Arrow [33]. In particular, we allow the dynamics of the product goodwill to depend on its past values, as well as previous advertising levels. Building on previous work ([17]), the optimal advertising model is form...

In this paper we illustrate a novel Wireless Local Area Network Multiple Access Control (WLAN MAC) protocol whose allocation policy adopts a strategy similar to the token ring: the mobile stations access the channel upon receiving the token and release the channel by passing the token to the next user. The traffic is divided in two classes: Guaranteed Bandwidth (GB) and Best Effort (BE). The ba...

Sensor-based coverage problems have many applications such as patrolling, search-rescue, and surveillance. Using multi-robot team increases efficiency by reducing completion time of a sensor-based coverage task. Robustness to robot failures is another advantage of using multiple robots for coverage. Although there are many works to increase the efficiency of coverage methods, there are few work...

We study three corporate non-market strategies designed to in‡uence the lobbying behavior of other special interest groups concerning environmental and/or health and safety issues: 1) “astroturf,” in which the ...rm covertly subsidizes a group with similar views to lobby when it normally would not, 2) the “bearhug,” in which the ...rm overtly subsidizes the lobbying activities of another intere...

Two main methods are currently being used by farmers in the heartwater regions to control this disease in cattle and other stock, namely strategic control of ticks and total control of ticks. Some farmers make successful use of the latter method, particularly in areas which are marginal for the disease. Total tick control requires top managerial skills, which includes continual expert supervisi...