A nonlocal theory for thermoelastic materials with voids based on Mindlin’s strain gradient was derived in this paper some qualitative properties. We have also established the size effect of heat conduction aids extended irreversible thermodynamics and generalized free energy. The obtained system equations is a coupling three higher gradients terms due to length scale parameters ϖ l . This pose...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Characterizing the vertical stiffness gradient that exists between the superior and inferior aspects of the medial surface of the vocal fold. Characterization of this stiffness gradient could elucidate the mechanism behind the divergent glottal shape observed during closing. STUDY DESIGN Basic science. METHODS Indentation testing of the folds was done in a canine model...

The aim of this paper is to study the elastic stress and strain fields of dislocations and disclinations in the framework of Mindlin’s gradient elasticity. We consider simple but rigorous versions of Mindlin’s first gradient elasticity with one material length (gradient coefficient). Using the stress function method, we find modified stress functions for all six types of Volterra defects (dislo...

This paper first considers the approximation of peridynamics by strain-gradient models in the linear, one-dimensional setting. Strain-gradient expansions that approximate the peridynamic dispersion relation using Taylor series are compared to strain-gradient models that approximate the peridynamic elastic energy. The dynamic and energetic expansions differ from each other, and neither captures ...