Step-wise intrinsic resistance to ampicillin in Neisseria gonorrhoeae was analyzed genetically by DNA-mediated transformation experiments. A first-step ampicillin-resistant (Ampr1) mutant and a second-step ampicillin-resistant (Ampr2) mutant generated during sequential selection were used in these studies. Each selection step was accompanied by an approximate twofold increase in resistance. Fou...

We investigated Y chromosomal binary and STR polymorphisms in 263 unrelated male individuals from the Japanese population and further examined the relationships between the two separate types of data. Using 47 biallelic markers we distinguished 20 haplogroups, four of which (D2b1/-022457, O3/-002611*, O3/-LINE1 del, and O3/-021354*) were newly defined in this study. Most haplogroups in the Japa...

BACKGROUND Old studies reported a worse outcome for second transplant recipient (STR) than for first transplant recipient (FTR) mainly due to non-comparable populations with numbers confounding factors. More recent analysis, based on improved methodology by using multivariate regressions, challenged this generally accepted idea: the poor prognosis for STR is still under debate. METHODOLOGY To...

C. elegans detects several odorants with the bilaterally symmetric pair of AWC olfactory neurons. A stochastic, coordinated decision ensures that the candidate odorant receptor gene str-2 is expressed in only one AWC neuron in each animal--either the left or the right neuron, but never both. An interaction between the two AWC neurons generates asymmetric str-2 expression in a process that requi...

In this paper, we explore the benefits of space-time reversal (STR) techniques in the context of information retrieval in wireless sensor networks under the recently proposed Active Wireless Sensing (AWS) framework. In AWS, individual sensors are differentiated via their distinct space-time signatures and STR schemes exploit these sensor signatures. In the downlink, STR techniques are proposed ...

This paper presents 5 examples of complicated deficient parentage cases, which were sufficiently resolved by extensive DNA typing using short tandem repeat (STR) and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). The latter have greatly contributed to the solution of deficiency cases, although their application is only feasible, if high molecular weight DNA and time are in abundance. This a...

The reduction of 2, 3, 5 triphenyltetrazolium chloride in the original medium of Barnes (Journal of General Microbiology, 14, 57, 1956), and in a modified medium, was compared with the ability to ferment pyruvate as a means of separating Streptococcus faecalis from all other group D streptococci. The tetrazolium reduction test gave an occasional negative reaction with Str. faecalis strains. In ...

Abstract Background Surgical Tray Rationalization (STR) consists of a systematic reduction in the number surgical instruments to perform specific procedures without compromising patient safety while reducing losses sterilization and assembly trays. STR is one example initiatives improve process performance that have been widely reported industrial settings but only recently gained popularity he...

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Lower-Saxony, Germany; 2DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Lower-Saxony, Germany; 3Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, ...