BACKGROUND Occult infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a type of chronic HBV infection that is characterized by the absence of a detectable hepatitis B surface antigen in the blood and by very low levels of HBV DNA in the blood and liver. The mechanisms leading to occult HBV infection remain poorly understood but include possible genetic mutations and deletions. Recently, it has been shown...

sary diagnostic and therapeutic steps of all examination modalities, the indications for general CRC screening, risk situations, as well as the necessary follow-up intervals after diagnosis and resection [4]. In most cases, CRC develops via precursor lesions, socalled polyps or adenomas, the progression of which through accumulation of genetic changes is well known (adenomacancer sequence). An ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the value of fecal leukocytes, fecal occult blood, fecal lactoferrin and combination of fecal leukocytes with clinical data in the workup of patients with inflammatory diarrhea. DATA IDENTIFICATION A systematic literature search in all languages using MEDLINE (1970 to 1994), reference lists of articles primarily retrieved and of review articles and correspondence with ex...

Late-onset epilepsy (LOE) first occurs after 60 years of age and may be due to occult cerebrovascular disease (CVD) which confers an increased risk of stroke. However, patients with late-onset epilepsy are not currently consistently investigated or treated for cerebrovascular risk factors. We discuss how abnormalities of neurovascular unit function, namely, changes in regional cerebral blood fl...

OBJECTIVE Screening for colorectal cancer using guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests (gFOBT) is well established in Western populations, but is hampered by poor patient compliance due to the imposed dietary restrictions. Fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) do not require dietary restriction, but are more expensive than gFOBT and therefore restrict its use in developing countries in Asia. However,...

Oral endotracheal intubation and extubation are two routine procedures performed by anesthesia providers which could lead to breaches of mucosal integrity and slight or moderate bleeding, thereby providing a vector for transmission of a blood-borne disease. This study was designed to determine the incidence of occult or overt blood in the oral and pharyngeal areas during the intubation and extu...

background: upper gastrointestinal (gi) bleeding remains a problem in critically ill-newborns. the use of h 2 blockers, by maintaining gastric ph ³ 4, reduces the risk of stress-ulceration and gastric hemorrhage. this study therefore, has evaluated the effects of short-term prophylactic‎ ranitidine in controlling gastric ph and prevention of gi bleeding in neonates.   methods: this randomized c...

a 40 year old female presented with a history of cough for 1.5 years and diarrhea for 5 days. she further had a history of pinkish discoloration of skin and red-crusted papules on the anterior and posterior parts of the trunk. chest x-ray and chest ctscan revealed focal nodular densities in lung besides an anterior mediastinal mass. the mediastinal mass was surgically removed and the pathologic...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory that affects the gastrointestinal tract and includes ulcerative colitis (ulcerative colitis) Crohn's disease. Symptoms often include abdominal pain, weight loss, hematochezia, diarrhea, although some patients may experience more insidious extraintestinal manifestations. Allergic proctocolitis caused by dietary protein (FPIAP) condition ...

UNLABELLED Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) is known to occupy about 25% to 60% of intestinal infarction. NOMI has been reported to be responsible for 9% of the deaths in the dialysis population and the postulated causes of NOMI include intradialytic hypotension, atherosclerosis and medications, such as diuretics, digitalis and vasopressors. Clinical manifestations, such as fever, diarrh...