Atomic-scale topography of epitaxial multilayer graphene grown on 4H-SiC(0001) was investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Bunched nano-ridges ten times smaller than previously recorded were observed throughout the surface, the morphology of which was systematically altered using a relatively new technique called electrostatic-manipulation scanning tunneling microscopy. Transfor...

Chiral domains have been prepared by evaporation of a two-dimensionally chiral molecule, naphtho[2,3-a]pyrene (NP), onto the hexagonal Au(111) surface in an ultrahigh vacuum environment. High-resolution UHV scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) showed that NP formed chiral domains consisting of only one 2D enantiomer rather than racemic two-dimensional unit cells. A structural model is proposed t...

Class I KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOXI) genes are critical for the maintenance of the shoot apical meristem. The expression domain of KNOXI is regulated by ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1/ROUGHSHEATH2/PHANTASTICA (ARP) genes, which are associated with leaf morphology. In the inverted repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) of Fabaceae, the orthologs of LEAFY (LFY) function in place of KNOXI to regulate compound leaf deve...

Invasive infections associated with non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars Enteritidis (SE), Typhimurium (STm) and monophasic variant 1,4,[5],12:i:- are a major health problem in infants and young children in sub-Saharan Africa, and currently, there are no approved human NTS vaccines. NTS O-polysaccharides and flagellin proteins are protective antigens in animal models of invasive NTS infectio...

This paper presents a new segmented topic model (STM) to explore the topic regularities and simultaneously partition the text or spoken documents into coherent segments. The topic model based on the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) is adopted to extract the topics and is strengthened by incorporating a Markov chain to detect the segments in a document. STM is trained according to a variational...

We demonstrate a new circuit design for fast measurements of the voltage drop across the gap of a scanning tunneling microscope ~STM! based on the simultaneous operation of two different amplifiers. The first is a fast instrumentation amplifier, sensing directly the voltage drop across the tunneling barrier, the second is a medium speed current amplifier with an overall gain of 10 V/A, suitable...

Topics identification (TI) is the process that consists in determining the main themes present in natural language documents. The current TI modeling paradigm aims at acquiring semantic information from statistic properties of large text datasets. We investigate the mental mechanisms responsible for the identification of topics in a single document given existing knowledge. Our main hypothesis ...

We present a design and implementation of dynamic separation in STM Haskell. Dynamic separation is a recent approach to software transactional memory (STM) that achieves strongly-atomic semantics with performance comparable to that of a weakly-atomic STM. STM Haskell, a lazy-versioning STM library for Haskell, previously supported strongly-atomic semantics via static separation, and we have fou...

This study compares two new seasonal adjustment methods designed to handle outliers and structural changes: X-IZARIMA and GAUSUM-STM. X12-ARIMA is a successor to the X-ll-ARIMA seasonal adjustment method, and is being developed at the U.S. Bureau of the Census (Findley et al. (1988)). GAUSUM-STM is a non-Gaussian method using time series structural models, and was developed for this study based...

Here, we present the design of a new reactor-like high-temperature near ambient pressure scanning tunneling microscope (HT-NAP-STM) for catalysis studies. This HT-NAP-STM was designed for exploration of structures of catalyst surfaces at atomic scale during catalysis or under reaction conditions. In this HT-NAP-STM, the minimized reactor with a volume of reactant gases of ∼10 ml is thermally is...