The prelimbic region of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a brain area crucial for memory, attention, and decision making. It has been shown that α2-adreneoceptors (α2-ARs) play a powerful role in regulating memory and attention functions in this region. Since many studies have demonstrated the impairment effect of morphine on memory through mPFC, we aimed to investigate the possible inter...

In this paper, we present the scattering of plane waves through two junctions with step-down cascading discontinuities. The solutions in form trapped modes corresponding to discrete eigen values are also presented. We illustrate matching continuity pressure and velocity at edges, conservation energy, convergence/error reflection, reflection transmission incident wave that go wider region. discu...

We investigated how saccade target selection by humans and macaque monkeys reacts to unexpected changes of the image. This was explored using double step and search step tasks in which a target, presented alone or as a singleton in a visual search array, steps to a different location on infrequent, random trials. We report that human and macaque monkey performance are qualitatively indistinguis...

The eŠects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of bovine b-casomorphin-5 (b-CM-5: Tyr-Pro-PhePro-Gly), a m-opioid agonist derived from milk bcasein, on step-down type passive avoidance tasks were investigated in mice. Intracerebroventricular administration of a high dose (10 mg) of b-CM-5 produced a signiˆcant decrease in step-down latency. b-Funaltrexamine (5 mg, i.c.v.) almost compl...