A Newtonian-like theory inspired by the Brans–Dicke gravitational Lagrangian has been recently proposed us. For static configurations, coupling acquires an intrinsic spatial dependence within matter distribution. Therefore, interior of astrophysical configurations may provide a testable environment for this approach as long no screening mechanism is evoked. In work, we focus on stellar hydrosta...

Utilizing a recently derived extension of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution to low occupation numbers (Simons 1994) this investigation discusses the structure of stellar dynamical isothermal spheres. The resulting models, which resemble King models, constitute a new sequence of physically well-motivated spherical equilibrium configurations of finite mass, and give nice fits to pre-core collaps...

The dynamics and thermal structure of the surface layers of stars with outer convection zones can be studied in some detail by means of numerical simulations of time-dependent compressible convection. In an effort to investigate the properties of “stellar granulation” as a function of spectral type, we have carried out elaborate 2-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics calculations of surface conv...

We discuss the importance of accretion in calculating disk models for young stellar objects. In particular, we show that a disk inner rim, irradiated by both the star and the accretion shocks at the stellar surface, can naturally explain recent observations of DG Tau with the Keck interferometer. We present models for two objects, with mass accretion rates differing by almost two orders of magn...

The existence of hot coronae throughout the HR diagram has been proved by the observations of the Einstein observatory since the late 1970's This nding has stimulated a new interest in the study of stellar activity. The general picture relating stellar activity in late type stars to the internal generation, photospheric emergence, and chromospheric and coronal dissipation of magnetic elds, was ...

We analyzed the shapes of Galactic open clusters by the star counting technique with the 2MASS star catalog database. Morphological parameters such as the ellipticity and size have been derived via stellar density distribution, weighed by clustering probability. We find that most star clusters are elongated, even for the youngest star clusters of a few million years old, which are located near ...

We study the hadron-quark phase transition in the interior of hot protoneutron stars, combining the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach for hadronic matter with the MIT bag model or the Dyson-Schwinger model for quark matter. We examine the structure of the mixed phase constructed according to different prescriptions for the phase transition, and the resulting consequences for stellar properties. W...

The simple physics of microlensing provides a well-understood tool with which to probe the atmospheres of distant stars in the Galaxy and Local Group with high magnification and resolution. Recent results in measuring stellar surface structure through broad band photometry and spectroscopy of high amplification microlensing events are reviewed, with emphasis on the dramatic expectations for fut...

We develop a general method for analyzing the light curves of microlensed quasars and apply it to the OGLE light curves of the four-image lens Q2237+0305. We simultaneously estimate the effective source velocity, the average stellar mass, the stellar mass function, and the size and structure of the quasar accretion disk. The light curves imply an effective source plane velocity of 10200 km/s <∼...