A λ-ring is, roughly speaking, a commutative ring R with unit together with operations λi, i ≥ 0, on it that act like the exterior power operations. It is widely used in algebraic topology, algebra, and representation theory. For example, the complex representation ring R(G) of a group G is a λ-ring, where λi is induced by the map that sends a representation to its ith exterior power. Another e...