Electron crystallography is an important method for determining the structure of membrane proteins. In this paper, we show the impact of a carbon sandwich preparation on the preservation of crystalline sample quality, using characteristic examples of two-dimensional (2D) crystals from gastric H(+),K(+)-ATPase and their analyzed images. Compared with the ordinary single carbon support film prepa...

We demonstrate a sandwich configuration for microfluidic manipulation in LiNbO3 platform based on photovoltaic effect, and the behaviours of dielectric microdroplet under this sandwich configuration are investigated. It is found that the microdroplet can generate in the form of liquid bridge inside the LiNbO3-based sandwich structure under the governing dielectrophoretic force, and the dynamic ...

This article reports an experimental study carried out with the aim of quantifying performance and failure modes of sandwich structures when subjected to impulsive blast loading. In particular, performance enhancement with respect to solid panels of equal mass per unit area is assessed. Likewise, the optimal distribution of the mass per unit area in the design of sandwich structures is investig...

We provide an efficient data structure for dynamically maintaining a ham-sandwich cut of two overlapping point sets in convex position in the plane. The ham-sandwich cut of S1 and S2 is a line that simultaneously bisects the area, perimeter or vertex count of both point sets. Our algorithm supports insertion and deletion of vertices in O(log n) time, and area, perimeter and vertex-count queries...

Exploring the cell biology of hepatocytes in vitro could be a powerful strategy to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying the structure and function of the liver in vivo. However, this approach relies on appropriate in vitro cell culture systems that can recapitulate the cell biological and metabolic features of the hepatocytes in the liver whilst being accessible to experimental manipulat...

Delamination caused by low velocity impact is one of the most frequent cases of damage in sandwich composite materials. When delamination is present the ability of the material to withstand structural loading is limited [1, 2]. In many cases, a local repair of a damaged sandwich structure is preferable over replacement for economical, mechanical and environmental reasons. Bonded repairs are wid...

The problem of predicting the three-dimensional structure of a protein starting from its amino acid sequence is regarded as one of the most important open problems in biology. Here, we solve aspects of this problem for the so-called sandwich proteins that constitute a large class of proteins consisting of only beta-strands arranged in two sheets. A breakthrough for this class of proteins was an...

The mechanical behavior of a metallic sandwich sheet material composed of two flat face sheets and two bi-directionally corrugated core layers is analyzed in detail. The manufacturing of the sandwich material is simulated to obtain a detailed unit cell model which accounts for the non-uniform thickness distribution and residual stresses associated with the stamping of the core layers. Virtual e...

We design efficient data structures for dynamically maintaining a ham-sandwich cut of two point sets in the plane subject to insertions and deletions of points in either set. A hamsandwich cut is a line that simultaneously bisects the cardinality of both point sets. For general point sets, our first data structure supports each operation in O(n) amortized time and O(n) space. Our second data st...

Marine, aerospace, ground and civil structures can receive unexpected loading thatmay compromise integrity during their life span. Therefore, improvement in detectingdamage can save revenue and lives depending upon the application. The prognosticcapability is usually a function of the examiner’s experience, background and datacollection during the evaluation. Nondestructive eval...