Status epilepticus (SE) may cause death or severe sequelae unless seizures are terminated promptly. Various types of SE exist, and treatment should be adjusted to the specific type. Yet some basic guiding principles are broadly applicable: (1) early treatment is most effective, (2) benzodiazepines are the best first line agents, (3) electroencephalography should be used to confirm the terminati...

Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening neurological emergency often refractory to available treatment options. It is a very heterogeneous condition in terms of clinical presentation and causes, which besides genetic, vascular and other structural causes also include CNS or severe systemic infections, sudden withdrawal from benzodiazepines or anticonvulsants and rare autoimmune etiologies...

The effect of glycemic state on status epilepticus (SE) development was studied in animals of different ages, submitted to pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Groups: I- Rats with 9-day-old (P9): IA. Submitted to 1SE; IB. Saline-treated; IC. Induced- hyperglycemia; ID. Induced- hyperglycemia+SE; II- Rats submitted to three consecutive episodes of SE at P7, P8 and P9; III- Rats submitted to 1SE at P1...

Status epilepticus (SE) induces vasogenic edema in the piriform cortex with disruptions of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the mechanisms of vasogenic edema formation following SE are still unknown. Here we investigated the endothelin B (ETB) receptor-mediated pathway of SE-induced vasogenic edema. Following SE, the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulated endothelin-1 (ET-...

Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency associated with a high morbidity and mortality. A prospective 3-year study was conducted in our hospital on 56 consecutive inpatients with SE. Demographic and clinical data were collected. EEG and clinical SE features were considered for the SE classification, both separately and together. The etiology of SE was determined. Patients were treat...

Emergency or "stat" EEGs are ordered on patients who are suspected to have serious acute brain dysfunction (ABD). Often, these patients are comatose or have some altered level of consciousness (ALOC) from stroke, brain hemorrhage, head trauma, encephalopathy, seizures, or status epilepticus--which may be convulsive (SE) or non-convulsive (NCSE). As the number of stat EEGs increases, consider al...

Enhanced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus following seizure activity, especially status epilepticus, is associated with ectopic residence and aberrant integration of newborn granule cells. Hilar ectopic granule cells may be detrimental to the stability of dentate circuitry by means of their electrophysiological properties and synaptic connectivity. We hypothesized that statu...

Unlike DNA, in addition to the 2'-OH group, uracil nucleobase and its modifications play essential roles in structure and function diversities of non-coding RNAs. Non-canonical U•U base pair is ubiquitous in non-coding RNAs, which are highly diversified. However, it is not completely clear how uracil plays the diversifing roles. To investigate and compare the uracil in U-A and U•U base pairs, w...

Status epilepticus (SE) is defined as a continuous clinical and/or electrographic seizure activity lasting five minutes or more or recurrent seizure activity without return to baseline. There is a paucity of epidemiological studies of SE, as most research is derived from small population studies. The overall incidence of SE is 9.9 to 41 per 100,000/year, with peaks in children and the elderly a...

Status epilepticus (SE) in pregnancy is very rare, and there are only a few case reports of refractory SE (RSE) during pregnancy. The patient was a 27-year-old primigravida woman with a 21-year history of seizures from cortical dysplasia. At 23 weeks of pregnancy, the patient's seizure frequency progressively increased, and the patient came to the ER in a confused mental state and with intermit...