BACKGROUND Although both fetal and long-term growth restriction are well documented in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, effects on pattern of growth trajectory have not been characterized. Furthermore, the degree to which growth trajectories are related to fetal alcohol-related neurocognitive deficits is unknown. METHODS Ninety-three heavy drinking pregnant women and 64 controls were recruit...

Krill are the subject of growing commercial fisheries and therefore management is necessary to ensure long-term sustainability. catch limits, set by Commission for Conservation Antarctic Marine Living Resources, based on absolute krill biomass, estimated from acoustic-trawl surveys. In this work, we develop a method determining an error budget surveys which includes sampling measurement variabi...

This article analyses the development of competitive party politics in post-communist East Central Europe from a comparative perspective. The central concerns are party system stabilisation and change in Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and implications for comparative theory. Starting from Lipset and Rokkan’s ‘cleavage model’, the article assesses the relevance of their key va...

background and aims. various methods are used to measure the size and form of the teeth, including the golden proportion, and the width-to-length ratio of central teeth, referred to as the golden standard. the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of golden standard values and golden proportion in the anterior teeth. materials and methods. photographs of 100 dentistry students (50 ma...

This study characterized the fishery dynamics of blue whiting, a bycatch species bottom trawl Norway lobster fishery, in NW Mediterranean. Landings and effort data over last two decades were combined with current information on spatial distribution catch, size age structure whiting year. Recruitment to demersal habitat occurred from 5 cm total length (TL) shelf break spring (April-May), when di...

This paper presents size structure by sex and length-length relationships for Carcharhinus falciformis Sphyrna lewini caught an artisanal fishery in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico. According to a local processing practice this fishery, when sharks are landed, their jaws removed but not heads. The orbit-fork length was evaluated as basis estimating total length. A good fit (r2 > 0.9) linear ...

Green Jacks, Caranx caballus, are distributed along the Eastern Pacific coast. In Panama, C. caballus was heavily fished around Las Perlas Archipelago to sustain local markets until 2007, when the archipelago was declared a marine protected area. This first study in Panama, analyzed a sample of 4 990 individuals from Las Perlas, obtained monthly from June 2005 to June 2006, from landings at the...