This paper continues the examination of deletion, reduction, and reorganization phenomena in spontaneous German speech1and adduces data from English laboratory speech to establish cross-linguistic similarities between vowel deletion in German and vowel devoicing in English. We describe how two sets of data were gathered: one of Standard Southern British English (S.S.B.E.) that establishes the g...

–Machine Translation (MT ) of English text to its Urdu equivalent is a difficult challenge. Lot of attempts has been made, but a few limited solutions are provided till now. We present a direct approach, using an expert system to translate English text into its equivalent Urdu, using The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 (ISBN 0-321-18578-1) Range: 0600–06FF. The expert system works with a knowledg...

This paper describes our submissions for the WMT-12 translation task using Kriya our hierarchical phrase-based system. We submitted systems in French-English and English-Czech language pairs. In addition to the baseline system following the standard MT pipeline, we tried ensemble decoding for French-English. The ensemble decoding method improved the BLEU score by 0.4 points over the baseline in...

This paper examines the use of co-switching in Navajo written poetry. I look specifically at code-switching from English dominant poems to Navajo. outline three general semantic domains that are most commonly code-switched Navajo: 1) emotions; 2) mythic characters; and 3) traditional place-names. suggest this has do with a linguistic ideology understands these as incommensurate English. argue s...

We propose a multilingual unsupervised Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) task for a sample of English nouns. Instead of providing manually sensetagged examples for each sense of a polysemous noun, our sense inventory is built up on the basis of the Europarl parallel corpus. The multilingual setup involves the translations of a given English polysemous noun in five supported languages, viz. Dutch,...

This paper examines the phenomenon of spelling pronunciation in Ghanaian English and shows that it has become one of the features of pronunciation that have diverged from „RP‟ (Received Pronunciation), the standard norm of English language proficiency that is taught to Ghanaians. The empirical investigation of spelling pronunciation was a selection of 50 words of English based on observation of...

This paper presents open language resources for Korean. It includes several language processing models and systems including morphological analysis, part-of-speech tagging, syntactic parsing for Korean, and standard evaluation Korean-English machine translation data with the Korean-English statistical machine translation baseline system.Wemake them publicly available to pave the way for further...

We present the results of experimenting with schemes for learning probabilistic dependency grammars1 for English from corpora labelled with part-of-speech information. We intend our system to produce widecoverage grammars which have some resemblance to the standard 2 context-free grammars of English which grammarians and linguists commonly exhibit as exampies.

Twenty ten-minute oral presentations made by Swedish students speaking English have been analyzed with respect to the standard deviation of F0 over long stretches of speech. Values have been normalized by division with the mean. Results show a strong correlation between proficiency in English and pitch variation for male speakers but not for females. The results also identify monotone and disfl...