This study estimates three hypotheses of OPEC behavior: market-sharing, target revenue and competitive model for the period 1980 to 2000 for all OPEC courtiers except Iraq. To examine co-integration relation for oil production, we use ADF test in OLS estimation. Also we use ARDL approach to examine these hypotheses and the long run relationship of them. Results indicate none of three hypotheses...

To perform any economic management of a petroleum reservoir in real time, a predictable and/or updateable model of reservoir along with uncertainty estimation ability is required. One relatively recent method is a sequential Monte Carlo implementation of the Kalman filter: the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). The EnKF not only estimate uncertain parameters but also provide a recursive estimat...

Background Drugs administered during the anaesthetic procedure and postoperative period belong to different pharmacological groups and are to ensure the best possible conditions for surgery and maximum safety of patients. Their adverse side effects are often dependent on immune responses. The diversity and number of the agents administered hinder precise determination of the drug eliciting the ...

If health providers are aware of their patients' literacy skills, they can more appropriately tailor their communication with patients. Few providers, however, assess patient's literacy skills for fear of offending patients, but no research has ever determined if patients object to such assessments. Our objectives were to determine the percentage of patients seen for routine health care that wo...