Associative theories of learning have been used to explain human contingency learning since the 1980’s. Recent findings have led several authors to claim that there is no evidence clearly showing the engagement of associative processes of acquisition or representation in human contingency learning, and to propose non-associative accounts. Priming techniques can detect associative representation...

Learners have different knowledge, interests and also goals in any educational process. If all the learners are provided the same content the process will probably not meet expected goals. A personalized approach to a learner increases the efficiency of the learning process. It is based on information about the learner that is subject of change. Several adaptive educational systems exist. Howev...

The capability to reallocate items|e.g. tasks, securities , bandwidth slices, Mega Watt hours of electricity , and collectibles|is a key feature in automated negotiation. Especially when agents have preferences over combinations of items, this is highly nontrivial. Marginal cost based reallocation leads to an anytime algorithm where every agent's payoo increases mono-tonically over time. Diiere...

IoT devices have become a primary medium for malware (e.g., botnets) to launch Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Such exploit low-security measures in spread networks and recruit new victims. Thus, there is need countermeasures that consider both the security operability network. Indeed, some might run critical processes do not tolerate interruptions. This paper proposes MalCon, blo...

When IAEA was established as an autonomous member of the United Nations family in 1957, a prominent assignment was to "seek to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world". The inclusion of "health" reflected an important fact — that medical uses of radiation and radionuclides were among the first and most widespread applications...

Abstract Marine magnetic anomalies play an essential role in plate tectonics and geodynamics. The conventional method to identify marine is visually compare synthetic observed anomaly profiles, there usually no quantitative evaluation for the identification results. Therefore, we developed sliding window curve similarity (SWCS) objectively quantitatively evaluate model tests practical applicati...

Programs should consist of off-the-shelf, interchangeable, black-box components that are produced by a network of independent software companies. These components should not only come with type signatures but also with contracts that describe other aspects of their behavior. One way to express contracts is to state preand postconditions for externally visible functions. These preand post-condit...

in an era of information technology, businesses, through the use of the boundless internet, can enter into international electronic contracts from anywhere in the world. the potential for cross-border disputes in electronic contracts is obviously much greater than in a paper-based environment, where a high degree of commercial contracts are domestic in nature. can the traditional rules on juris...

We show experimentally that fairness concerns may have a decisive impact on the actual and optimal choice of contracts in a moral hazard context. Bonus contracts that offer a voluntary and unenforceable bonus for satisfactory performance provide powerful incentives and are superior to explicit incentive contracts when there are some fair-minded players. But trust contracts that pay a generous w...

Risk theoretic analysis of capitation contracts suggests that capitation contracts are closely aligned to reinsurance contracts between insurance companies. Similarities and differences between these two forms of contractual instruments are reviewed, and several implications are discussed. Viewing capitation contracts as reinsurance contracts has implications that are incompatible with the over...