Objective: Snake venom is a complex mixture of many substances such as toxins, enzymes, growth factors, activators and inhibitors with a wide spectrum of biological activities. The envenomation caused by Crotalus atrox venom (VCat) in human is characterized by clinical signs and symptoms resulting from excessive systemic host response. It has been proposed that immune injury is the central mech...

Background: The term ‘fever of unknown origin’ (FUO) was first introduced by Petersdorf and Beeson in 1961, it is defined as recurrent fever >38.3°C, lasting for >3 weeks, remaining undiagnosed after 1 week in-hospital evaluation. etiologies classic FUO include mainly infections, malignancies, non-infectious inflammatory diseases, miscellaneous causes, while some cases remain undiagnosed....

Aim of the study: Portal vein congestion index has shown promise in detecting early portal venous hemodynamic changes chronic liver disease. The aim this study was to compare adult patients with disease that healthy controls, and evaluate differences index, if any, between common etiologies (chronic viral hepatitis, alcoholic disease, non-alcoholic fatty disease). Method materials: Eighty parti...

We collected adult cave swallows (Petrochelidon fulva) and cliff swallows (P. pyrrhonota) during the breeding seasons in 1999 and 2000 from eight locations along the Rio Grande from Brownsville to El Paso (unless otherwise specified, all locations are Texas, USA) and an out-of-basin reference location. Body mass, spleen mass, hepatosomatic index (HSI), gonadosomatic index (GSI), thyroxine (T4) ...