The negative peak amplitude of the differentiated glottal flow (dpeak) is known to correlate strongly with the sound pressure level (SPL) of speech. Therefore, the function between dpeak and SPL is usually modeled as a single line. In this survey, the relationship between dpeak and SPL is revisited by analyzing glottal flows inverse filtered from speech sounds of largely different intensities. ...

Sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (SPL) is responsible for the irreversible catabolism of sphingosine 1-phosphate, which signals through five membrane receptors to mediate cell stress responses, angiogenesis, and lymphocyte trafficking. The standard assay for SPL activity utilizes a radioactive dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate substrate and is expensive and cumbersome. In this study, we describe an S...

Context: Software product lines (SPL) are used in industry to achieve more efficient software development. However, the testing side of SPL is underdeveloped. Objective: This study aims at surveying existing research on SPL testing in order to identify useful approaches and needs for future research. Method: A systematic mapping study is launched to find as much literature as possible, and the ...

Aim: To see the effect of LLLT on noise-induced hearing loss. Methods: Eleven rats were exposed to noise (120 dB, 16 kHz, 6 h) and left ears were irradiated at 60J/cm2, 830 nm laser for 12 days. Right ears were control. Hearing levels were measured at frequencies of 4, 8, 12, 16, 32 kHz before noise exposure and after 12th irradiations. Results: The initial hearing levels were 26.5±4.7, 24.5±5....

This paper presents a systematic review of all the solutions addressing different economic aspect of software product lines (SPL), e.g. SPL adoption cost-benefits, PL architecture decisions, SPL test strategies project cost overrun and so on, presented for the years 2000 to 2007. The goal of the review is to analyze the level of empirical application and/or validation of the proposed solutions ...

T cell egress from the thymus is essential for adaptive immunity and involves chemotaxis along a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) gradient. Pericytes at the corticomedullary junction produce the S1P egress signal, whereas thymic parenchymal S1P levels are kept low through S1P lyase (SPL)-mediated metabolism. Although SPL is robustly expressed in thymic epithelial cells (TECs), in this study, we sh...

The present study 1) examined speech recognition at three intensity levels and in noise for adults with bilateral hearing loss who wore amplification and were referred for cochlear implant evaluation but did not meet current audiological criteria, and 2) compared their performance to cochlear implant recipients using current implant technology. When tested at 70 dB SPL, hearing aid subjects' wo...

Variability Management (VM) in Software Product Line (SPL) is a key activity that usually affects the degree to which a SPL is successful. SPL community has spent huge amount of resources on developing various approaches to dealing with variability related challenges over the last decade. To provide an overview of different aspects of the proposed VM approaches, we carried out a systematic lite...

The architecture description of a software product line (SPL) is essential to make it clear how the architecture realizes the feature model and to represent both the domain and application engineering architectural artefacts. However, most architecture description languages (ADLs) for SPL have limited support regarding variability management and they do not express the relationship between feat...

Modelling software product line (SPL) features plays a crucial role to a successful development of SPL. Feature diagram is one of the widely used notations to model SPL variants. However, there is a lack of precisely defined formal notations for representing and verifying such models. This paper presents an approach that we adopt to model SPL variants by using UML and subsequently verify them b...