BACKGROUND The V2 segment of the vertebral artery is very vulnerable to injury during cervical spine surgery. The incidence of vertebral artery injury during anterior cervical spine procedures is reported to be 0.22-2.77 %. This is partially due to its variable course while running in the transverse foramens of the cervical vertebrae. CASE PRESENTATION The course of the vertebral artery in th...

ALTHOUGH Paget's disease of bone commonly affects the vertebral column, it is rare for it to result in interference with spinal cord function. In an extensive search of the literature on the subject of spinal cord complications secondary to osteitis deformans, I have been unable to find any previously recorded instance of the disease affecting the atlas and axis vertebra and causing spinal cord...

Detection, Labeling, and segmentation of the spinal column from CT images is a pre-processing step for a range of image-guided interventions. State-of-the art techniques have focused either on image feature extraction or template matching for labeling of the vertebrae followed by segmentation of each vertebra. Recently, statistical multi-object models have been introduced to extract common stat...

BACKGROUND The axial skeleton of extinct saurischian dinosaurs (i.e., theropods, sauropodomorphs), like living birds, was pneumatized by epithelial outpocketings of the respiratory system. Pneumatic signatures in the vertebral column of fossil saurischians include complex branching chambers within the bone (internal pneumaticity) and large chambers visible externally that are bounded by neural ...

In advanced age the bony mineralization is reduce and causes osteophoretic change, resulting osleolytic lesion and pathological fracture. During injury the spinal column and spinal cord can be injured anywhere along their length. The majority of the damage to spinal cord occurs at the time of injury. But further damage can be caused by improper handling of the unstable spine and by disruption o...

Background. The authors describe a lateral approach to the cervical spine for the management of spondylotic myeloradiculopathy. The rationale for this approach and surgical technique are discussed, as well as the advantages, disadvantages, complications, and pitfalls based on the author's experience over the last two decades. Methods. Spondylotic myelo-radiculopathy may be treated via a lateral...

Skeletal metastasis is one of the most common second to liver and lung metastasis. The affected skeletal region on vertebral column(metastatis spine disease/MSD). Patients with MSD usualy came chief complain backpain neurological deficit. modalties treatment including chemotherapy, radiotherapy surgery. goal improve quality life by reliefing pain, providing stability even in some cases deficit ...

Most anuran larvae show large lateral oscillations at both the tip of the tail and the snout while swimming in a straight line. Although the lateral deflections at the snout have long been considered an inefficient aspect of tadpole locomotion, a recent hydrodynamic model suggests that they may in fact help generate thrust. It is not clear though exactly where this bending takes place. The vert...

There are a number of reports on Smith-Petersen osteotomy (SPO), pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) and vertebral column resection (VCR). However, there are few systematic reviews of all three kinds of osteotomies. Literature review and author's experience of SPO, PSO and VCR osteotomy will be described. Various surgical techniques can be applied according to the disease entity and magnitude o...