background mri is a new and expensive diagnostic technology, which has been used increasingly all over the world. low back pain is a worldwide prevalent disorder and mri technique is one of the several ways to diagnose it. this paper aims to identify the appropriateness of lumbar spine mri prescriptions in shiraz teaching hospitals using standardized rand appropriateness method (ram) criteria i...

Purpose: To determine the effect of degenerative disease of the lumbar spine on bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Materials and Methods: We reviewed radiographs and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scans of the lumbar spine and hip in 305 Caucasian women with suspected osteoporosis. One hundred and eighty-six patients remained after excluding women less than 40 years of...

The advantages and disadvantages of different methods of carrying objects on spine loading are still not fully understood. Previous studies have either examined the effects of carrying using physiological measures or examined isolated spine segments using biomechanical models. Additionally, most studies have been restricted to only a small number of carrying conditions. Very few studies have at...

BACKGROUND One of the basic principles in the primary survey of a trauma patient is immobilisation of the cervical spine till cleared of any injury. Lateral cervical spine radiograph is one of the important initial radiographic assessments. More than often additional radiographs like the Swimmer's view are necessary for adequate visualisation of the cervical spine. How good is the Swimmer's vie...

The ability to distinguish between similar experiences is a critical feature of episodic memory and is primarily regulated by the dentate gyrus (DG) region of the hippocampus. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such pattern separation tasks are poorly understood. We report a novel role for the small GTPase ADP ribosylation factor 4 (Arf4) in controlling pattern separation by regulatin...

Recent studies have reported on the molecular mechanisms underlying dendritic spine (spine) dynamics. Because most of these studies investigated spine dynamics by overexpressing constitutively active or dominant-negative PSD (postsynaptic density) proteins in cultured mature neurons, the results represent the enlargement of mature spines or their return to an immature state. Here, we developed ...

The objective of this study was to validate the use of bone mineral measurements of the calcaneus bone by dual X-ray and laser (DXL) in a cross-sectional study carried out in an osteoporosis clinic. Measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) at proximal femur and spine were obtained by dual-energy photon X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Osteoporosis was defined by a DEXA T-score <-2.5 at the femora...