Background Plants evolved various mechanisms to cope with metal stress. Cadmium (Cd) exposure specifically induces the synthesis of thiol-rich substances such as phytochelatins. Due chemical similarity Cd and zinc (Zn), similar detoxification for both metals are under discussion. Aim We conducted a nutrient solution experiment investigate thiol accumulation parsley (Petroselinum crispum) spinac...

Nitrogen, despite being essential for the growth of plants, can pose serious threats to ecological environment when applied excessively as fertilizers. The application nanomaterials has a catalytic effect on crop and restorative environment. However, their mitigating ammonium stress in crops is poorly understood. In present study, roles nanoparticles magnesium oxide (nMgO) hydroxyapatite (nHA) ...

Toxic heavy metals accumulate in crops from the environment through different routes and may interfere with biochemical reactions humans, causing serious health consequences. Plasma technology has been assessed for promotion of seed germination plant growth several past studies. Therefore, aim present study was to evaluate whether rate plants can be increased application non-thermal plasma, as ...

The d-glyceraldehyde 3-P dehydrogenases of spinach leaf, pea seed, and pea shoot were purified. The NADP and NAD-linked enzymes of either spinach leaves and pea shoots could not be separated. Changes in the ratio of NADP- to NAD-linked activity of the spinach leaf and pea shoot enzymes were observed during both purification and storage of crude extracts. The spinach leaf, pea shoot, and pea see...

Optical maps for five representative clinical, food-borne and bovine-derived isolates from the 2006 Escherichia coli O157 : H7 outbreak linked to fresh spinach in the United States showed a common set of 14 distinct chromosomal markers that define the outbreak strain. Partial 454 DNA sequencing was used to characterize the optically mapped chromosomal markers. The markers included insertions, d...

The possibility of using ATP content per protoplast as an indicator of freshness was studied in spinach (Spinacia oleracea). The ATP content per protoplast of spinach was determined and compared during 3 days of storage at 25 °C. ATP content increased rapidly at the early stages of storage, reaching a peak level after 24 h. After one day (24 h) of storage, the ATP content decreased with the sto...

Previous work has shown that 13-hydroxylated gibberellins (GAs) are predominant in the long-day (LD) plant spinach (Spinacia oleracea; GA53, GA44, GA19, GA20, GA1, GA8, and GA29). Also present in spinach are 2-hydroxylated C20-GAs: GA97, GA98, GA99, and GA110. Levels of the most abundant GA, GA97, decreased when plants were transferred from short photoperiods (SD) to LD. When [14C]GA53 was fed ...

The kinetic properties of the adenosine 5’-diphosphate/adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ADP/ATP) translocator from pea (Pisum sativum l.) root plastids were determined by silicone oi l filtering centrifugation and compared with those of spinach (Spinacia oleracea 1.) chloroplasts and pea leaf mitochondria. In addition, the ADP/ATP transporting activities from the above organelles were reconstituted i...

We have achieved, to our knowledge, the first high-level heterologous expression of the gene encoding D-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase from any source, thereby permitting isolation and characterization of the epimerase as found in photosynthetic organisms. The extremely labile recombinant spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) enzyme was stabilized by DL-alpha-glycerophosphate or ethanol and destabil...

Live cell RNA imaging using genetically encoded fluorescent labels is an important tool for monitoring RNA activities. A recently reported RNA aptamer-fluorogen system, the Spinach, in which an RNA aptamer binds and induces the fluorescence of a GFP-like 3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone (DFHBI) ligand, can be readily tagged to the RNA of interest. Although the aptamer-fluorogen s...