Rattus norvegicus is a natural reservoir host for pathogenic species of Leptospira. Experimentally infected rats remain clinically normal, yet persistently excrete large numbers of leptospires from colonized renal tubules via urine, despite a specific host immune response. Whilst persistent renal colonization and shedding is facilitated in part by differential antigen expression by leptospires ...

In a recent Brief Communication, Calafat et al. expressed concern that epidemiological studies inappropriately assess exposure to nonpersistent chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates by measuring chemical concentrations in serum and tissues. They assert that urine is the most scientifically valid matrix and that accurate measurement of other matrices is difficult due to contaminatio...

Plesiomonas shigelloides is one of the causative agents of human gastroenteritis, with increasing number of reports describing such infections in recent years. In this study, the hugA gene was chosen as the target to design loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for the rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of P. shigelloides. The performance of the assay with reference plasmid...

Biological fluids such as urine, saliva and whole blood were analyzed for contents of drugs by a new combination of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) and thin liquid membrane extraction (TLME). Analytes from the sample were extracted into a thin liquid membrane of hexadecane deposited on a porous Teflon membrane, from which they were subsequently analyzed directly b...

Hypolactasia, or intestinal lactase deficiency, affects more than half of the world population. Currently, xylose quantification in urine after gaxilose oral administration for the noninvasive diagnosis of hypolactasia is performed with the hand-operated nonautomatable phloroglucinol reaction. This work demonstrates that a new enzymatic xylose quantification method, based on the activity of xyl...

BACKGROUND Thromboxane (TX) A2 is a pro-thrombotic prostanoid synthesized by activated platelets, biotransformed into 11-dehydro-TXB2, measurable in urines. Eleven-dehydro-TXB2 excretion is increased in high risk cardiovascular diseases; however, this cardiovascular biomarker awaits validation in large trials. The need of large urine volume (8 - 10 mL) and the unknown stability of 11-dehydro-TX...

Background: Toxic metals enter the human food chain through water, soil, and plants. High consumption of dairy products makes it necessary to measure their concentrations in milk its products. Methods: In this study, four samples products, including milk, dough, yogurt, cream were selected. They spiked with 0, 20, 40, 60 μg/kg lead (Pb) cadmium (Cd) separately. all samples, concentration these ...

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a potentially fatal human health condition caused by the consumption of shellfish containing high levels of PSP toxins. Toxin extraction from shellfish and from algal cultures for use as standards and analysis by alternative analytical monitoring methods to the mouse bioassay is extensive and laborious. This study investigated whether a selected MAb antibo...

background and objectives: leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by leptospira interrogans . leptospirosis leads to economical losses in dairy farm industry. the objective of this study was to evaluate the pathogenic serovars of leptospira interrogans in dairy cattle herds of shahrekord by pcr. materials and methods: two hundred samples (100 urine and 100 blood) were collected f...

Quantum particle is assumed located in an analytically perturbed harmonic-oscillator potential. Its motion along certain complex, PT −symmetric “toboggan” paths which N−times encircle the branch point in the origin is studied in both the boundstate and scattering regime.