This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. This paper assesses the relative efficiency and flexibility o...

With aid budgets shrinking in richer countries and more money for healthcare becoming available from domestic sources in poorer ones, the rhetoric of value for money or improved efficiency of aid spending is increasing. Taking healthcare as one example, we discuss the need for and potential benefits of (and obstacles to) the establishment of a national institute for aid effectiveness. In the ca...

This paper investigates how the Michigan school finance reform affected educational performance in that state. In 1994, somewhat unexpectedly and without the prodding of any courts, Michigan radically altered its school financing system. The new plan, Proposal A, significantly increased state aid to the poorer districts and limited future increases in spending in the richest ones. In the proces...

Tax earmarking, or hypothecation, refers to the assigning of receipts either from a single tax base, or as a proportion from a wider pool of revenue, to a specific end use; it contrasts with general fund financing of expenditure from consolidated receipts. The idea has been seized on both by those who want to defend the public sector who think it would make taxation popular and by those who wan...

this study is related to an islamic project financing with a major focus on investigating the role of islamic finance in financing infrastructural development projects (toll roads, power plants, airports, and plants, as well as natural resource exploitation projects, such as hydroelectric dams, mining projects, oil and gas assets, and paper mills), especially in the context of pakistan. infrast...

We introduce a novel conditional e-cash protocol allowing future anonymous cashing of bank-issued e-money only upon the satisfaction of an agreed-upon public condition. Payers are able to remunerate payees for services that depend on future, yet to be determined outcomes of events. Once payment complete, any double-spending attempt by the payer will reveal its identity; no double-spending by th...

for more than three decades healthcare decentralization has been promoted in developing countries as a way of improving the financing and delivery of public healthcare. decision autonomy under healthcare decentralization would determine the role and scope of responsibility of local authorities. jalal mohammed, nicola north, and toni ashton analyze decision autonomy within decentralized services...

Micro KUR is a financing product that intended for micro-entrepreneurs. The purpose of this study to find out the level public knowledge micro products, determine selection tenors or period and dine accuracy spending on business credit products. This focuses people Sobontoro Village Boyolangu District who apply products at Islamic Banks due being many customers businesses in area such as convec...

OBJECTIVE To analyze whether the changes observed in the level and distribution of resources for maternal health and family planning (MHFP) programs from 2003 to 2012 were consistent with the financial goals of the related policies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A longitudinal descriptive analysis of the Mexican Reproductive Health Subaccounts 2003-2012 was performed by financing scheme and health fu...