Auger electron spectroscopy is used to follow the initial chemisorption of oxygen on a Si(lOO)-2 x 1 surface. Careful measurements of the Si L,sVV spectra reveal, for the first time, fine structure in the region between 80 and 85 eV. For the clean Si(100) surface a peak at 81 eV has been found. Oxygen chemisorption on the Si(100) surface is associated with the appearance of a new well defined p...

We deal with the imaging spectrometer based on the Offner scheme. We define the optical transfer function of the imaging spectrometer based on the Offner scheme. We define the spectrum reconstruction error for red LED.

MARS is one of the AES nalists. The up-to-date analysis of MARS includes the discovery of weak keys, and Biham's estimation that a 12round variant of MARS is breakable. This estimation was partly founded based on a 7-round impossible di erential of the core of MARS. However, no such attack was presented to-date. In this paper we present two new longer impossible di erentials of 8 rounds.

The American Epidemiological Society (AES) was founded in 1927. A history of the first 45 years of the Society was written in the early 1970s by Dr. John Rodman Paul (Yale J Biol Med 1973;46:1-84). The past 25 years have seen the AES continue as a small, relatively elite organization characterized by a membership of senior leaders in the field of epidemiology. The Society has continued to hold ...

Despite two decades of agri-environment schemes (AESs) aimed at mitigating farmland biodiversity losses, the evidence that such programmes actually benefit biodiversity remains limited. Using field-level surveys, we assess the effectiveness of AESs in enhancing bird abundances in an upland area of England, where schemes have been operating for over 20 years. In such a region, the effects of AES...

The Smithsonian far-infrared spectrometer is a remote sensing Fourier transform spectrometer that measures the midand far-infrared thermal emission spectrum of the stratosphere from balloon and aircraft platforms. The spectrometer has had nine successful balloon flights from 1987 to 1994, flying at float altitudes of 36–39 km and collecting 131 hours of midlatitude stratospheric limb spectra. T...

Direct sunlight absorption by trace gases can be used to quantify them and investigate atmospheric chemistry. In such experiments, the main optical apparatus is often a grating or a Fourier transform spectrometer. A solar tracker based on motorized rotating mirrors is commonly used to direct the light along the spectrometer axis, correcting for the apparent rotation of the Sun. Calculating the ...

Rover technology is presented for executing mobile surveys using a distributed spectrometer for open-path, in situ remote sensing. A low-cost research rover prototype was created to verify mobile survey algorithms for a specific absorption spectrometer being designed to acquire open-path measurements of biogenic gases on Mars. Distributed instrument components include the rover-mounted spectrom...

the main objective of the present work was to synthesis polyamide 6 through anionic polymerization of ε-caprolactam in an internal mixer. the reaction time and the rheological properties of samples during the polymerization were studied. the samples were characterized by thermo gravimetry analysis (tga), differential scanning calorimeter (dsc) and ft-ir spectrometer. the melt flow behavior and ...