Decision trees are probably the most common way for generating models for phonemes in their phonetic context. In this paper we investigated several ways how speaking rate information can be integrated in the decision tree process. We basically focused on two approaches: on the one hand a speaking rate feature included in the decision tree itself and on the other hand a pruning approach for crea...

Vital decisions made at the strategic level in an organization are not only intricate but also costly to alter. It is therefore important to find a comprehensive approach to deal with such a possibility. One of the major problems of a common balanced scorecard (BSC)-based model in strategic management is lack of a ranking system for strategic objectives in order to enable prioritization of the ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of linguistic and intelligence factors in the Iranian IELTS candidates’ speaking performance. Linguistic factors include depth and breadth of vocabulary knowledge as well as grammar knowledge. Narrative and verbal intelligences represent the non-linguistic factors. The participants included 329 learners who took 5 validated tests and also partic...

The purpose of this study was to determine students’ perception regarding thinking in English as a strategy for creating better performance the critical speaking skills. This used qualitative research and employed observation interviews acquire data. Based on observations, researchers determined that students English-speaking courses confront problem: they still lack self-confidence due variabl...

This study is based on the perspective that considering students’ learning styles in design and development of material crucial. Furthermore, by promises offered CLIL (content language integrated learning) – as reported many scholarly-published articles claiming effective addressing content language, this attempts to explore examine effects taking into account style English speaking model. A to...

speaking is one of the most important skills to be developed and enhanced as means of effective communication. speaking skill is regarded one of the most difficult aspects of language learning. many language learners find it difficult to express themselves in spoken language. they are generally facing problems to use the foreign language to express their thoughts effectively. they stop talking ...

The newly enforced MUET-CEFR aligned format is one of the government’s efforts to upscale Malaysian learners’ English proficiency level be at par with international standards. However, learners are reported have high anxiety levels resulting in poor performance, especially speaking component. Hence, this study conducted investigate learner’s levels, factors causing anxiety, and strategies overc...