Phenotypic plasticity is commonplace, and plasticity theory predicts that organisms should often evolve mechanisms to detect and respond to environmental cues that accurately predict future environmental conditions. Here, we test this prediction in tadpoles of spadefoot toads, Spea multiplicata. These tadpoles develop into either an omnivore ecomorph, which is a dietary generalist, or a carnivo...

Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Germany and Fran e June 8, 2000 Gianluigi Pelloni Wolfgang Polasek Department of E onomi s Department of E onomi s Department of Statisti s Fa ulty of Politi al S ien e University of SheÆeld and E onometri s University of Pisa 9 Mappin Street University of Basel Via Sera ni, 3 SheÆeld CH-4051 Basel Pisa, 56126 United Kingdom Switzerland Italy (G.Pelloni sheÆeld.a .uk) (wo...

Tissues from barred tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium), Great Plains toads (Bufo cognatus) and New Mexico spadefoots (Spea multiplicata) collected from 16 playa wetlands in Texas during 1999 and 2000 were examined by light microscopy. Digenean cysts were primarily distributed subcutaneously throughout the specimens and occasionally coelomic invasion was noted. The parasites within...

This paper investigates fast Pareto genetic algorithm based on fast fitness identification and external population updating scheme (FPGA) for searching Pareto-optimal set, which is based on a new approach of fast fitness identification algorithm for individual and a clustering on the basis of external population updating scheme to maintain population diversity and even distribution of Pareto so...

In this paper, multi-objective optimization is applied to determine the parameters for a k-nearest neighbours classifier that has been used in the diagnosis of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (PAF), in order to get optimal combinations of classification rate, sensibility and specificity. We have considered three different evolutionary algorithms for implementing the multiobjective optimization o...

The Combinatorial problems are real world decision making problem with discrete and disjunctive choices. When these decision making problems involve more than one conflicting objective and constraint, it turns the polynomial time problem into NP-hard. Thus, the straight forward approaches to solve multi-objective problems would not give an optimal solution. In such case evolutionary based meta-...

We address the question of how to improve the agreement between theoretical nuclear single-particle energies (SPEs) and observations. Empirically, in doubly magic nuclei, the SPEs can be deduced from spectroscopic properties of odd nuclei that have one more or one less neutron or proton. Theoretically, bare SPEs, before being confronted with observations, must be corrected for the effects of th...

Many Multiple Objective Genetic Algorithms (MOGAs) have been designed to solve problems with multiple conflicting objectives. Incremental approach can be used to enhance the performance of various MOGAs, which was developed to evolve each objective incrementally. For example, by applying the incremental approach to normal MOGA, the obtained Incremental Multiple Objective Genetic Algorithm (IMOG...

This paper presents a new multi-objective job shop scheduling with sequence-dependent setup times. The objectives are to minimize the makespan and sum of the earliness and tardiness of jobs in a time window. Scince a job shop scheduling problem has been proved to be NP-hard in a strong, traditional approaches cannot reach to an optimal solution in a reasonable time. Thus, we propose an efficien...