The interaction of the dominant semidiurnalM2 internal tide with the large-scale subtidal flow is examined in an ocean model by propagating the tide through an ensemble of background fields in a domain centered on theHawaiianRidge. The background fields are taken from the SimpleOceanDataAssimilation (SODA) ocean analysis, at 2-month intervals from 1992 through 2001. Tides are computed with the ...

Wheat grain protein content (GPC) is a key component when evaluating wheat nutrition. It is also important to determine wheat GPC before harvest for agricultural and food process enterprises in order to optimize the wheat grading process. Wheat GPC across a field is spatially variable due to the inherent variability of soil properties and position in the landscape. The objectives of this field ...

Traditionally in the application of hydrologic/water quality (H/WQ) models, rainfall is assumed to be spatially homogeneous and is considered not to contribute to output uncertainty. The objective of this study was to assess the uncertainty induced in model outputs solely due to rainfall spatial variability. The study was conducted using the AGNPS model and the rainfall pattern captured by a ne...

Site-specific management (SSM) of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields under risk of southern root-knot nematode [M. incognita] (RKN) infection may offer producers better management of on-farm resources and optimization of profitability. However, it requires the study of RKN spatiotemporal variability and the identification of surrogate data spatially correlated with its occurrence. The object...

The potential to sequester atmospheric carbon in agricultural and forest soils to offset greenhouse gas emissions has generated interest in measuring changes in soil carbon resulting from changes in land management. However, inherent spatial variability of soil carbon limits the precision of measurement of changes in soil carbon and hence, the ability to detect changes. We analyzed variability ...

The fraction of absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (FAPAR) is an essential climate variable for assessing the productivity ecosystems. Satellite remote sensing provides spatially distributed FAPAR products, but their accurate and efficient validation challenging in forest environments. As linked to canopy structure, it may be approximated by fractional vegetation cover (FCOVER) under assu...

Repeated stimulation at a single glutamatergic synapse typically produces highly variable postsynaptic responses. Bekkers et al (1) proposed that jitter in vesicle diameter, and thus, quantal content (q) could account for this variability. We used MCell, a Monte Carlo simulation program, to determine the relative contributions of different sources of this variance. The model consisted of a syna...

Coastal droughts that simultaneously affect California, Oregon, and Washington are rare, but they have extensive and severe impacts (e.g., wildfire and agriculture). To better understand these events, historical observations are used to investigate 1) drought variability along the Pacific coast of the contiguous United States and 2) years when extreme drought affects the entire coast. The leadi...

The objective of this paper is to study the turbidity behavior in an Amazon Floodplain Lake. Observations of turbidity provide quantitative information about water quality conditions. However, the number of available in situ measurements of water quality characteristics is usually limited, especially temporal series variables and synoptic coverage of extensive water body. In order to contribute...

With shrinking of minimum feature size of advanced technology nodes, the impact of litho process variations on the resulting electrical parameters of printed circuits dramatically increases. Litho process variations correspond to random changes in the actual optical conditions (dose and focus) which develop at every mask exposure, hence from die to die. In this way the litho process variations ...