We conducted preference assessments with 4 typically developing children to identify potential reinforcers and assessed the reinforcing efficacy of those stimuli. Next, we tested two predictions of economic theory: that overall consumption (reinforcers obtained) would decrease as the unit price (response requirement per reinforcer) increased and that the cost and benefit components that defined...

This paper aims to examine the impacts of oil-price shocks on China’s price levels. To that end, we develop a partial transmission input-output model that captures the uniqueness of the Chinese market. We hypothesize and simulate price control, market factors and technology substitution the three main factors that restrict the functioning of a price pass-through mechanism during oil-price shock...

Timber market and forest product market are linked and integrated through prices of their own. In this study, the presence of price transmission asymmetry is investigated for wood products sector in southern United States. Threshold cointegration and an asymmetric error correction model are employed to analyze the price dynamics between prices of standing timber, delivered timber and also two r...

In the framework of the EC Regulation 1228/2003, the goal of this background paper is to provide a description of the different market based solutions available for transmission risk hedging in congestion management. This paper presents three different transmission risk hedging products that can be offered to the market in the field of cross-border trade and congestion management. Due to variou...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the manufacturing industry wage among selected developing countries based on new economic geography theory. More specifically, we use a panel data model to study the spatial structure of wages in 136 countries for the period 1998-2007. The results indicate that this theory provides a good description of the spatial structure of w...

A novel market design is proposed and developed that uses the energy-balance services for transmission-congestion relief. In this proposed market, all generators and customers have the ability to submit their offers to increase/decrease their generation/consumption, respectively. Each participant provides a ‘price–quantity’ offer to the independent system operator (ISO) which is independent of ...