BACKGROUND AND AIMS The hypothesis of an ancient introduction, i.e. archaeophyte origin, is one of the most challenging questions in phylogeography. Arundo donax (Poaceae) is currently considered to be one of the worst invasive species globally, but it has also been widely utilzed by man across Eurasia for millennia. Despite a lack of phylogenetic data, recent literature has often speculated on...

Sediments are integral and inseparable parts of the aquatic environments, so any environmental program concerning water quality would be incomplete without the proper study of its sediments. The elemental concentration of sediments not only depends on anthropogenic and lithogenic sources, but also upon the textural characteristic, organic matter content, mineralogical composition and deposition...

In Iran, studies of the transition from hunting and gathering to farming herding have focused on early developments in Zagros Mountains. Here, authors present new zooarchaeological data Hotu Cave, which throw light sheep/goat management domestication during Epipalaeolithic–Neolithic southern shores Caspian Sea. Gazelle dominate Epipalaeolithic levels, while are most abundant Neolithic. Large qu...

malaria has always been regarded as one of the most important health problems with which iran is faced. most parts of the country, especially densely populated areas, were known as malarious areas. records of 1947 show that 25% of cases referred to health centers and dispensaries of the ministry of health were due to malaria in khuzestan and caspian sea areas. the mortality rate of malaria in t...

Following their early domestication, broomcorn millet and rice (in East Asia) wheat barley South-west were subsequently adopted across Eurasia during the Bronze Age/early historic period. The precise timing dispersal routes for this trans-Eurasian exchange, however, remain unclear. Here, authors present archaeobotanical evidence from sites on Caspian Sea's southern coast, demonstrating that rea...

springs are the important water resources, which thier study is necessary in terms of their management and exploitation. in northern iran, the karst springs locate in the central alborz highlands and alluvial springs on the caspian southern coasts.the karst and alluvial springs discharge is variable because of different conditions in terms of aquifer, topography and precipitation .this study ha...

background: contagion of aquatic ecosystems to heavy metals especially mercury (hg) has risen concerns about healthiness of marine organisms. organic mercury compounds are highly toxic for animals, and its detection in various samples is frequently needed. in present study we have described a new method for measurement of organic mercury and total mercury concentration in great cormorants (phal...