1. Effect of Surface Roughness and Topography The possible role of surface roughness in influencing the nanoscale energy dissipation in bone was investigated both experimentally and computationally. The peak-to-valley heights of the topographical features measured from the tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) images shown in Figs. 2a,d of the main manuscript (presumably mineral particles)...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of a prophylaxis paste on surface roughness of different composites, enamel, dentin and porcelain surfaces. METHODS Three different composites (FiltekZ250/Group1, Filtek Supreme XT/Group2, Premise/Group3), enamel/Group4, dentin/Group5 and porcelain/Group6 samples were used in this study. All specimens were prepared flat by SiC discs and polished with a diam...

A parameterization for surface roughness and blending height at regional scales, under neutral atmospheric stability, is studied and tested. The analysis is based on a suite of large-eddy simulations (LES) over surfaces with varying roughness height and multiple variability scales. The LES are based on the scaledependent Lagrangian dynamic subgrid-scale model, and the surface roughnesses at the...

Surface characterization plays a significant role in evaluating surface functional performance. In this paper, we introduce wavelet packet transform for surface roughness characterization and surface texture extraction. Surface topography is acquired by a confocal laser scanning microscope. Smooth border padding and de-noise process are implemented to generate a roughness surface precisely. By ...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to analyze surface changes of three silicone-hydrogel contact lenses after daily wear. The lenses used in this study were balafilcon A, lotrafilcon B (both surface-treated), and galyfilcon A (non surface-treated). METHODS To understand how and where proteins, lipids, and other contaminants change contact lenses, surface roughness was assessed through Atomic F...

Hypothetical neural codes underlying the sensation of tactile roughness were investigated in a combined psychophysical and neurophysiological study. The stimulus set consisted of plastic surfaces embossed with dot arrays of varying dot diameter and center-to-center spacing. Human subjects explored each surface with the pad of the index finger and reported their subjective sense of roughness mag...

The international roughness index (IRI) for evaluating pavement surface roughness is simulated using the power spectral density (PSD) of pavement surface fluctuation. Quarter-car models recommended by the World Bank for measuring pavement roughness are adopted to simulate vehicle response. Surface roughness in time domain is generated based on 36 known PSDs of roughness. Newmark sequential inte...

BACKGROUND The objective was to perform a comparative analysis of the effect of acid etching on enamel roughness between pumiced and non-pumiced teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample was composed of 32 dental surfaces divided into two groups: Group 1-16 surfaces having received pumice prophylaxis; and Group 2-16 surfaces not having received pumice prophylaxis. The teeth were kept in saline ...

Hydrophobic surfaces with microscale roughness can be rendered ultrahydrophobic by the addition of sub-micron-scale roughness. A simple yet highly effective concept of fabricating hierarchical structured surfaces using a single-step deep reactive ion etch process is proposed. Using this method the complexities generally associated with the fabrication of two-tier roughness structures are elimin...

Reaming is a common finishing process for improving the drilled holes surface quality. Choosing an appropriate finishing method in drilling process has a significant effect on the surface quality of holes and in decreasing the process total cost and time. In this study, four similar holes were drilled on the AISI 4340 workpiece with different two pair feed rates. The drilling process was perfor...