Résumé La question du mal problème pose un aigu au sein de la doctrine l’âme d’Avicenne. Comment humaine qui est une substance spirituelle inaltérable impassible peut-elle être affectée par le commis ? Répondre à cette nécessite l’étude l’eschatologie avicennienne même que celle statut des normes éthiques. Ces dernières ne sont, selon Avicenne, pas universelles et donc accessibles l’intellect m...

In this first section we start with defining the notions of inconsistency and para-consistency, we give an example of an inconsistency and clarify what according to us is the basic problem with respect to the occurrence of inconsistencies. We are then in a position to state the aim of this paper. We have a contradiction when both A and ∼ A are true.1 We have negation-incompleteness when neither...

In epistemic logic, some axioms dealing with the notion of knowledge are rather convoluted and it is difficult to give them an intuitive interpretation, even if some of them, like .2 and .4, are considered by some epistemic logicians to be key axioms. We show that they can be characterized in terms of understandable interaction axioms relating knowledge and belief. In order to show it, we first...

The discussion of supervenience is replete with the use of infinitary logical operations. For instance, one may often find a supervenient property that corresponds to an infinite collection of supervenience-base properties, and then ask about the infinite disjunction of all those base properties. This is crucial to a well-known argument of Kim (1984) that supervenience comes nearer to reduction...

â  â  avicenna’s role in arabic literature â  â  nasrollah shameli * â  hamid ahmadian ** â  â  abstract â  â  the master and doyen, avicenna, is one of the prominent savants of the fourth century a.h. besides medicine and philosophy, he was a master in sciences of his time, and was proficient in arabic literature. he has peerless anthologies in poetry and prose, in both arabic and persian li...