S ince the birth of Dolly, the first mammal produced from somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), little progress has been made in the efficiency of cloning. Overall, about 0.5–2% of the embryos reconstructed by SCNT develop to term after transfer of reconstructed embryos to recipient females. In PNAS, Matoba et al. (1) report significant improvement in cloning efficiency by manipulation of the l...

Abstract The method for micro-propagation of rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg ) by somatic embryo has been conducted. aim the research will describe effect media used callus induction on formation plants. Embryonic had in 3 media, i.e.; MH1, MH2, and MH3. After induction, all were induced expression. Maturation cotyledons was performed using liquid with filter paper as a bridge to absorb ...

Clerodendrum pholomidis is an important medicinal plant of Lamiaceae. Leaves, internode and petiole explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with combinations of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), kinetin (kn) and indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). Leaf explants formed clusters of globular somatic embryos directly from epidermal cells within 12-15d when cultured ...

Background Brazilian pine (Araucaria angustifolia (Bert) O. Ktze) is the only native conifer species with economic importance in Brazil. Recently, due to intensive exploitation Brazilian pine was included in the official list of endangered Brazilian plants. Biotechnology tools, like somatic embryogenesis (SE), may become a potentially useful tool for mass clonal propagation and ex situ conserva...

The transcription factor Twist initiates Drosophila mesoderm development, resulting in the formation of heart, somatic muscle, and other cell types. Using a Drosophila embryo sorter, we isolated enough homozygous twist mutant embryos to perform DNA microarray experiments. Transcription profiles of twist loss-of-function embryos, embryos with ubiquitous twist expression, and wild-type embryos we...

Some physiological and biochemical changes were measured between embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus obtained from Cardiospermum halicacabum. Combination of auxin with cytokinin was more favourable for high amount of callus formation. 2,4-D played a key role in triggering somatic embryo formation. Embryogenic callus had more total carbohydrate and starch contents, total free amino acids, nuc...

For centuries a woman who bore a child was clearly the birth mother of that child: mater est quam gestatio demonstrat. However, this relationship is no longer unequivocal. The possibility of embryo transfer or egg donation separates biological motherhood into genetic and gestational components. With the announcement in 1997 of the live birth of the first cloned adult mammal using differentiated...

Protocols for the production and transformation of grapevine embryogenic cultures are described. Embryogenic cultures are initiated from leaves or stamens and pistils and transformed with Agrobacterium containing an enhanced green fluorescent protein/neomycin phosphotransferase II (egfp/nptII) fusion gene. Cultures are transferred to induction medium in the dark for callus formation and prolife...

Background: For several years, mammalian cloning by splitting an early embryo or nuclear transfer into oocytes method has been successfully performed. Cloning is now also possible using adult somatic cells. Although it has now been 15 years since the first cloned mammals were generated from somatic cells using nuclear transfer (NT), the success rate for producing live offspring by cloning is lo...

Recent data indicate that Gurken-mediated activation of the EGF receptor in the somatic follicle cells of the Drosophila ovary - required for dorsoventral patterning of the fly embryo - leads to cell-autonomous repression of pipe expression, suggesting that the EGF receptor signaling pathway acts directly to control pipe transcription.